Philological sciences / 8. Native language and literature
Kungurova O. G.,
Kudritskaya M. I.
Cand.Phil.Sci. Kostanay
State University, Cand.Ped.Sci., Kostanay State Teacher Training Institute,
Kazakhstan
Cultural level of the journalist as
a significant component of professionalism
In recent years standards of the
speech are catastrophically quickly lost, lexical meanings of words change,
language gets littered with jargon words, barbarisms, dialecticisms, etc. This
causes changes in the sense of the statement, thoughts are distorted. Often
eminent persons of the state, policy and some scientists can't precisely state
a statement essence. Meanwhile, the word is a substantial weapon if it is used
appropriately. And it is better to solve contradictions of modern life with such
a weapon, than fighting. K.D. Ushinsky noted that «to state the courageous word
of truth is sometimes more dangerous than to hold up the head under
bullets".
Once in the people, able to state
the thoughts and feelings in a verbal form, people saw "conscience of the
nation". Society assigned this special "literary and spiritual"
mission to journalists as well. What is it like nowadays? Monitoring of the recent
years testifies that today's image of the journalist is inconsistent and multifaceted:
in the mass consciousness there exists a nostalgic clear reminiscence of the Soviet
period journalist– intelligent, erudite, he not only was able to speak
beautifully and correctly, but also was a sincere "fighter for the
truth", often acting as the last protection and hope of the people,
looking for justice; and a noble face of the devoted knight of reorganization –
without such people reorganization would be hardly possible; and the image of a
free commentator, whose speech abounds in illiterate and vulgar turns that,
however, doesn't reduce his aggressiveness and confidence of the unconditional
right to edify "people" at all. The legendary identity of the Soviet
and Post-Soviet educational journalism Yasser Zasursky complains: "Now people
read little in general. We had discussions about reading, and all say that
reading restores memory: the reading person - remembers, the person not reading
- loses memory. Unfortunately, it affects our journalism, too. Therefore with
all respect for philosophy, sociology and other I consider that here this
literary and philosophical part is very important. Certainly, many don't love
Tolstoy's philosophy – and it isn't obligatory to love it, – but after all his
philosophy is humanistic. Dostoyevsky's philosophy is even more complicated,
but it seems to me that this preparation – not only literary, but literary and
philosophical, is essential. For Russia literature as a means of
self-expression is very important. The national spirit is present there to a
greater extent. " [1]
The institute of mass communication
of journalism faculty of St.Petersburg State University conducted an expert
survey of various mass media top managers. They defined the most important
professional qualities of the modern journalist, in decreasing order of their
importance: Literacy, erudition, broad outlook, style. Universalism.
Persistence, ability "to get a material", efficiency. Readiness to be
trained, grow professionally. Practical skills of the journalist. Talent. Skill
to communicate. Professional ethics, decency. Life experience. Intuition. Legal
"skill". [2]
Today, speaking about sound
"journalistic education", we consider as one of its important
components development of professional culture. High-quality vocational
training of experts of any profile is inconceivable today without qualitative
culture. In this regard it is accepted to speak about culture high, low, or
about its absence. After A.I. Subetto, Yu.K. Chernova, V. V. Shchipanov, this
phrase is understood by us as culture of quality, that is activity of the
person reflected upon positions of philosophy of quality and a certain set of
knowledge. The professional culture of the journalist consists not only of an
application of funds by means of which the functional essence of journalism is
realized, but also from development of this functional essence as such. One of
leading functions of a journalistic subject, along with ideological, is its
cultural and educational (E.P. Prokhorov's definition) or cultural and
educational (G. V. Chevozerova's definition). The journalism has to accurately
and clearly transform to the addressee (to the reader, the listener, the
viewer) values of the concrete historical period. Its function, defined above, has
the purpose of enriching an inner world of the person as a self-sufficient
personality. The addressee of journalistic work will choose for himself that it
significant and important, acceptable and valuable. Task of the journalist is
to decipher those images which were created by literature and other art forms
and cultures, to popularize them. The journalist analyzes sources of formation
of these images. Another approach is also possible: synthesis instead of the
analysis. In this case the journalist collects information on a certain section
of culture and offers it to the addressee. Besides, according to professional
ethics the journalist shouldn't impose a choice on the addressee. The
journalist is neutral; an assessment is not his prerogative.
In 2007 at the annual general
meeting of EJTA the question of competences which future journalists have to
acquire in the course of receiving university education was considered. As a
result 10 main competences and skills were of graduates formulated.
The Kazakhstani version of the list
of competences at semantic level includes all 10 competences and skills,
defined for the graduate of the specialty "Journalism" by EJTA.
However in the Kazakhstani list of the main competences there are more
competences and the noticeable part of them is purposefully focused on the
Kazakhstani social, economic and media situation. It is significant that among
the priorities also appear " to be to ready for personal and professional
growth", "to know not less than one foreign language at the level of
free command of the language of specialty", "to have an idea of the
current state of mass media of Kazakhstan and the world, of the economy state
of the republic, of economic, political and social problems of
Kazakhstan".
The list of the used sources
1 . Zasursky Ya. Training of journalists: a European look. - Messenger of
the Moscow University. Vol.10. Journalism. 2007, No. 4, page 5.
2 . Kalmykov A. Whatis a professional journalist and
how to train him. - Re-ga, No. 10, 2005.