PhD in Agriculture Aisin M.

Kazakhstan, Kostanai State University names A. Baytursynov

USE OF SILAGE RATION COMPLEX ENRICHED WITH MINIRALS IN THE DIETS OF DAIRY COWS.

High productivity of cattle is achieved with a balanced feeding when the animals in need of energy, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, as well as macro-and micronutrients most fully satisfied.

To ensure adequate nutrition is necessary to build a solid food base. The system measures on organization of full feeding animals great importance is attached to improving the quality and nutritive value of feeds. This problem is particularly acute in the conditions of northern Kazakhstan, where the period of the farmyard cattle continues to 8 months [1 ].

Calculations show that in the current economic conditions for a minimum of breakeven yield of mature cows herd of 200 head should be at the level of 3800-4000 kg of milk . Over the previous years had been established everywhere, still efficient breeding with domestic cattle. As a result of the genetic potential of dairy cattle under appropriate conditions allows nadaivat 3500-4500 kg of milk per cow per year.

For implementation of the genetic potential for milk productivity primarily required to provide the appropriate feed. It should be on the basis of the farm animal feed rations to develop by age and sex in conjunction with the planned productivity according to scientific norms of feeding. For more accurate calculations are required to have the results of chemical analysis of local fodder [2].

Deficiency in the diets of some elements can make a change in diet structure, application of mineral additives, premixes. Should pay particular attention to the structure of field fodder production, the possibility of introducing a promising crop rotation .

Rational use of feed based on increasing their productive activities, increasing transformation of nutrients in livestock products through the use of additives that promote digestibility and nutrient utilization of diets.

It is known that ruminants along with protein, carbohydrates, fats also need regular income mineral macro -and micronutrients. Deficit in their diet causes profound disturbances in metabolism and cause not only reduce animal productivity, deterioration of product quality, increased feed costs, but not rare premature culling and even death of the animals. Particularly sensitive to the inferiority of mineral nutrition of highly productive cows , as the milk they produce a lot of minerals [3].

Nutriceuticals minerals can be made from special feeders, by introducing them into the concentrated feed rations, as well as silage and haylage.

Noteworthy is the use of silage rations complex enriched with urea and complex salts deficient macro-and micronutrients. 1 ton weight senazhiruemoy been made 1.5 kg of urea and mixture of sodium chloride, Glauber's salt and monocalcium according to the needs of animals per 1 kg of dry matter. Trace elements in the form of their salts ( zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride, potassium iodide ) were added to 25% above the recommended standards. Additives were made based on the results of studies of green mass senazhiruemogo feed.

Using Hay enriched urea and complex macro-and micronutrients increases milk production of dairy cows.

This is confirmed by the results of experiments. For the experiment, two groups were matched for cows 15 goals in each principle analogues.

The control group received rations of hay harvested by traditional technology, and experienced-rich minerals haylage. Adequate in quality haylage I class. The experiment lasted for winter stabling period of 210 days. Rations correspond to detailed regulations. Set feed (hay zhitnyakovoe - 4kg concentrates 3 kg) were at the same level during the entire experimental period. No. Hay in the control group was 14 to 26 kg during the milking while the cows in the test group receive between 12.3 kg to 24.3 kg. Macro-and micronutrients to animals in the control group were administered in feed composition and contemporary experimental group received these items as part of silage (25% above the recommended standards).

Milk production of the cows of the experimental group was higher than 13.1% and content of fat in milk is 0.13 % higher than the control group. Feed consumption for the production of milk from cows of the experimental group decreased by 7.8% (Table 1).

Table 1

Zootechnical performance experience

data	control group	experimental group	% To control
The average daily milk yield, kg	11.4±0.57	12.9±0.78	113.1
The fat content in milk,%	3.70±0.02	3.83±0.04	+0.13
The protein content in milk,%	3.36±0.05	3.42±0.01	+0.06
Milk fat yield, kg	101.2	118.57	117.1
Costs per 1 kg 4% milk feed units	1.16	1.07	92.2

Results of physiological experiments indicate that the digestibility coefficients of nutrients cows of the experimental group were higher (Table 2).

Table 2

Digestibility coefficients of nutrients%

Groups	dry matter	organic matter	Protein	cellulose	fat	BEV	Ash
control	62.2	66.2	63.1	54.7	60.3	68.9	48.2
experienced	64.1	68.9	64.6	59.2	62.8	73.1	51.6

Especially increased digestibility of fiber and nitrogen-free extractives, due to complex security cows deficient micronutrients, especially cobalt (25% above the recommended standards). This is evidenced by the increase in number of ciliates in the contents of scar with 365,000 / ml to 140,000 / ml.

Best nutrient digestibility cows of the experimental group had improved blood biochemical parameters (Table 3).

Table 3

Biochemical blood

Indicators	Group
	Control	Experimental
Total protein , g %	7.89±0.11	7.96±0.14
Hemoglobin g %	10.45±1.09	11.12±1.16
Carotene, mg %	0.634±0.06	1.104±0.09
Calcium, mg %	10.75±0.48	11.28±0.67
Phosphorus , mg %	5.56±0.24	6.72±0.12
Reserve alkalinity , mg %	513±44.6	534±46.3

An increasing total protein, hemoglobin, and carotene, reserve alkalinity, the improvement ratio of calcium and phosphorus.

In the study of the total protein fractions revealed that the experimental group of cows, these figures are slightly higher, especially gamma - globulin. This indicates a higher nutritious diet that provides a protective function of the body (Table 4).

Table 4

The total protein and its fractions in the serum of cows

indicators	group
	Control	Experimental
Total protein, g %	7.89±0.11	7.96±0.14
Albumin ,%	46.33±3.12	45.92±2.98
Globulins ,%	53.67±3.96	54.08±4.03
including alpha %	14.79±2.74	14.59±2.53
Beta ,%	12.46±1.96	12.11±1.51
Gamma ,%	26.42±2.61	27.36±2.94
Protein ratio	0.863	0.849

Studies show that milk from cows of the experimental group was superior to individual indicators milk cows in the control group on the content of lactose, calcium, phosphorus, carotene (Table 5).

Table 5

Chemical composition of milk

indicators	Group
	Control	Experimental
Total protein, g %	3.28±0.03	3.29±0.03
Including casein ,%	2.59±0.05	2.61±0.04
Whey proteins ,%	0.69±0.01	0.68±0.01
Lactose ,%	4.46±0.14	4.71±0.12
Ash ,%	0.68±0.02	0.69±0.02
Calcium mg %	108.9±3.2	116.4±2.7
Phosphorus mg %	94.1±2.1	98.6±2.7
Dry matter ,%	12.52±0.21	12.81±0.16
SOMO ,%	8.86±0.22	9.11±0.13
Density, A	29.3±0.28	29.6±0.20
Acidity , ° T	18.1±0.20	18.2±0.27
Carotene mg	0.099±0.010	0.126±0.012

Feeding of silage rations supplemented with complex urea and complex macro-deficient mikroelemetov did not have a negative impact on the quality of milk fat (Table 6).

Table 6

Constants in the milk fat diets depending on the

indicators	Group
	control	Experimental
By Reichert-Teysslya	26.71±2.34	27.09±2.39
Polyansky by	2.51±0.13	2.38±0.11
Saponification number of	228.4±36.2	230.5±28.6
Iodine number of	31.26±2.84	32.4±2.71
By refraction	43.1±3.07	43.4±2.94

Based on the studies we can conclude that complex mixtures of silage harvested with the addition of urea and salts of the complex is deficient macro-and micronutrients helps to increase milk production and improve the quality and efficiency of feed efficiency .

Literature:

1. Minzhasarov KI etc. The production of complete feed and their rational use in northern Kazakhstan / / Manual farmers. - Petropavlovsk, 2006 . - 385 p.

2 . Zhazylbekov NA Feeding and other farm animals, birds and feed preparation technology: A Reference Guide. Almaty, 2008.-436 with .

3 . Khokhrin SN Food and animal feed: Textbook. St. Petersburg, 2002. - 512s .