State
administration
Mosov S.P., Chubina T.D.
IMPROVEMENT OF STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF
FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE: CONCEPTION OF
ACCEPTED RISK
Improvement
of state administration in the field of fire safety (hereinafter – SF) at
modern stage of economic development in our country can be provided by use of
conceptual approach directed to combination of set of measures associated with
prevention and liquidation or mitigation of SF hazards as well as consequences
of emergencies caused by fires independently on a category of reasons of their
origin. The development and practical use of such approach will not, obviously,
solve all problems of complete and simultaneous elimination or mitigation of
hazards, which is practically impossible taking into account the limitation of
human knowledge, technologies and mainly of time and resources. The
consideration of said limitation is directed to ranging of hazards and
distinguishing of the combination of top-priority and complex SF hazards.
This
task can be solved based on the conception of accepted risk. The main idea of
the conception consists in determination and use of accepted risk as possible
compromise, more often forced one, between three parties: state bodies
authorized to make decisions in fire safety matters; population which quite
often just evaluates the scope and seriousness of risks existing in one or
another region of the country and thus not always satisfied by actions of said
state bodies; economic entities which objects or activity
create potential or actual threat to fire safety condition for environment and,
according to the experience, sometimes having significant capabilities for
their government relations.
It is
desirable to take the conception of accepted risk as the grounds at modern stage
of economic development not only for improvement of state policy in fire safety
but for improvement of state policy with regard to protection of population and
territories of Ukraine from any emergencies which can be done within the scope
of the United State System of Civil Defense available in Ukraine.
Together with legal, administrative and methodological
instrumentation the improvement of state administration in the field of fire
safety in Ukraine appropriate economical mechanisms are of great relevance. The
importance of said mechanisms in solving problems of fire safety consists not
only in calculation or predicting precise fire losses. It is more important to
implement real mechanisms of stimulation of practical activity with regard to
prevention of emergencies due to fires and attraction of required investments.
The improvement of mechanisms of government regulation
in fire safety under new conditions of market
economy and transfer of significant amount of capital assets into property of
non-state structures should be achieved by the following directions: implementation
of economic levers promoting accomplishment of protective measures, strengthening
responsibility and interest of heads of potentially hazardous objects in
mitigation of risks of emergencies due to fires; development of a set of tax
benefits, soft loans, state investments as well as severe sanctions for
enterprises (institutions, organizations) infringing requirements of fire
safety; development of mechanisms for reimbursement to population of fire
losses from special funds and by transparent insurance.
The State should always be reliable guarantor for
statutory responsibility of
establishments operating with hazardous production facilities, to set criteria
for determination of financial security of civil responsibility for damage caused by emergency resulting from
fire; to provide implementation of scientifically grounded approaches to
assessment of fire losses with attraction of independent expert organizations; to
develop legislative and regulatory
framework for achievement of supervisory functions and securing of personal
responsibility of heads of enterprises (institutions, organizations) and
executive authorities in the field of fire safety.
At that, the following should be considered as the
main indices of evaluation in the field of state administration of fare safety:
frequency of fires; losses; expenses for measures in prevention and liquidation
of emergencies resulting from fires as well as prevented loss.