Сельское хозяйство/5. Растениеводство, селекция, семеноводство

Islamgulov D. R., Lubova T.N.

Bashkir State Agrarian University, Russia

The development of sugar beet subcomplex and technological quality of sugar beet

Sugar beet is the main source of obtaining one of the most valuable food – sugar. Satisfaction of internal demand for sugar through domestic production is a priority of the sugar industry of the Russian Federation, as pursuant to the doctrine of food security the proportion of sugar produced from domestic raw materials, shall not be less than 80 %. In recent years, dynamically developed the sugar beet industry of the country. During this time, the share of beet sugar in total production almost doubled, reaching a level of 65.5 %.

The sugar beet subcomplex, being highly industrialized and energy intensive production, occupies an important place in the structure of the agricultural sector. Enterprises of the industry are located in 24 regions of the country in this sector of the economy employs more than 250 thousand specialists. The need of the population and processing industry in the Sahara at the expense of domestic production is met by 55-57%. The main products of the beet sugar complex – sugar, is not only used in the daily diet of every Russian, being the most valuable product, but is widely used in confectionary, baking, canning, dairy and other industries, in General, for industrial processing is 43% of the produced sugar. Sugar beet crops in recent years is about 1% of the area of all agricultural crops and is 0.8–1.0 million ha.

Natural limitations of the beet-growing areas provide an opportunity to cultivate this culture only in 26 regions of Russia with significant differences in the levels of productivity, product quality and cost levels. The main areas of sugar-beet are the Central black earth and North Caucasian regions, where 75% of the acreage, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, Altai Krai, Orel and Penza region. The positive trend of recent years in the development of the sugar beet is the growth yield and sugar content of sugar beet.

Quality indicators of the root crop, and yield, can significantly affect the Economics of sugar beet production. The quality of sugar beet implies the set of characteristics and properties, which comprise, in addition to sugar content and content of non-sugary substances, all morphological, physical and chemical properties affecting the output of sugar and its production process in the factory. There are internal and external quality.

Internal quality is characterized by high sugar content and low content of non-sugary substances, which allows you to plant high yield of sugar. The main indicator that determines the quality of sugar beet as raw material for production of sugar - the sugar content (sugar content in root crops, expressed as a percentage weight). The higher the sugar content the better technological quality of sugar beet. However, in the processing in sugar factories of different parties with the same beet sugar content sugar yield can vary considerably, i.e. technological quality of these parties beets will be different. Consequently, the technological quality will be higher in the batch of beets in the processing that produces the greater output of sugar. This will depend on the number of other chemicals, who went along with the sugar in the juice.

Technological quality of sugar beet is determined by the amount of sugar in molasses. It depends on the presence of such cations as K , Na , Li , CA , Mg, etc., and To detain and Na 70 - 80% sugar in molasses. The content of α-amino-nitrogen also plays a negative role. His presence in sugar beet affected by variety, place of cultivation, weather conditions, agriculture, particularly fertilizer and General contamination of beet tops and the ground after harvest. On the content of sugar in molasses is largely affected by the technical level and condition of a sugar factory.

Currently, the sugar mills of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as in the whole of the Russian Federation, when accepting the beet account of techno-logical indicators, only the sugar content, in accordance with, and calculated from sugar beet farms. It would be advisable to pay for adopted plants beets not only sugar, but also with regard to the content of Na, K and ά-amino nitrogen, as is customary throughout the world. We think it's only a matter of time and to promote the interest of sugar-beet growers in improving the quality of root crops, this system of payment are accepted and we have in the country.

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