Lupak Ruslan L.
Ph. D. (Economics), Associate Professor,
Lviv University of Trade and Economics
Parameters
of the model realization innovative potential of economy in the context of
realization state policy of import substitution
In the Ukrainian economy, complex conditions were
created for the development of the real sector of the economy due to external
military aggression, significant restrictions on international transit
transportation of manufactured products, high degree of destruction of
industrial and agricultural production facilities, transport and logistics
infrastructure. The are still not possible problem of increasing the production
of science-intensive products, the comprehensive introduction of new
technologies and innovative processes, and the restructuring of the economy's
structure into a higher technological way.
The real sector of Ukraine's economy continues to
depend on the conjuncture of foreign markets due to the export orientation of
resource and raw materials, to focus on low-tech and at the same time
resource-intensive and energy-intensive production, to narrow the internal
potential of technological development, curtail innovation activity and
introduce new technological processes. Preservation of such a model will not in
any way ensure the growth of industrial production of Ukrainian products, and
especially high share of value added and the degree of import substitution,
will restrict the introduction of scientific and innovation relations in the
manufacturing sphere, will prevent the increase of innovation activity and
technological readiness of production enterprises in accordance with the
requirements and requirements of the new technological.
As a result, the Ukrainian
economy will only deepen the innovation and technological gap from the
developed countries and will not be able to overcome the technological
challenges of globalization.
Such activity cannot continue in this way, and it
requires public authorities to stimulate structural transformation and to lay
the technical, technological and innovative foundations for a new model of
growth of the entire economy. It is necessary to systematize the strategic
priorities of realization of innovative potential of development of the real
sector of the economy, which will allow to form a structural model and to
define clear guidelines for the state policy of ensuring technological
competitiveness and import dependence.
In our opinion, the distribution of tools for such a
state policy should be conducted taking into account the need:
- create and increase the scope of local integrated
systems;
- develop innovative infrastructure;
- create institutional elements of interfactual and
interbranch cooperation of the subjects of the basic types of economic
activity, and scientific and innovation sector.
Formation of vertically integrated research and
production business structures will enable to combine within them the resources
and competencies for creation and development of closed cycles of production of
higher technological methods, to increase the level of production concentration
of industrial objects, to internal industrial enterprises to integrate with
world production links and sales of innovative products.
Despite the integration processes, infrastructure
facilities must be built up, which will contribute to the establishment of the
national innovation system and the establishment of interconnections between
the research, technological and manufacturing sectors. It is about the
production-technological platforms (associations) of innovative activity
(technoparks, technopolises, innovation-technological, engineering-engineering
and engineering centers (parks), business incubators), information and
communication systems (design-consulting, research and marketing centers ),
financial-investment structures (credit-grant organizations, venture,
insurance, extra-budgetary funds). The main mission of such objects is to
ensure the development and support of all stages of the innovation cycle - from
creation of innovations to their introduction into industrial production.
In the field of innovation activity should operate an
institutional environment in which interfactual and inter-industry
interconnections between the subjects of the industrial and scientific and
technological sector. It is about the establishment and development of
international scientific and technological and industrial cooperation,
commercial-marketing innovation and technology cooperation, public-private
partnership and relevant platforms for the joint development and implementation
of innovations, special funds for investment and innovation support and
advisory services. The main thing is that the creation of institutional
elements contributed to the development and implementation of scientific and
technical, targeted innovative programs, integrated programs for the
development of high-tech science intensive technologies and the intensification
of investment-innovation processes. It is important to ensure that legislation
is effective in the relevant areas. As a result, it will be possible to rely on
increasing the number and securing sectoral differentiation of investment and
innovation projects, strengthening control over the implementation of measures
to financially support innovation, general improvement of the regulatory
framework for the regulation of innovation development.
It is necessary to take into account a number of
peculiarities that will influence the changes in vectors, the selection of
tools, the expected results of such a state policy. This is a study of the patterns
of scientific and technological and innovation transformations in the regional
economy, in which different processes of industrialization take place,
stimulation of innovation activity, development of a market environment, etc. As
a result, in the economy, due to regional features, spatial and territorial
sectors of certain types of economic activity are formed, within which it is
possible to develop the innovative potential of the branches more efficiently
and to ensure their growth on a qualitative basis.
Industrial-developed in Ukraine are concentrated the
eastern regions, where the main raw materials of the state are laid, powerful
industrial facilities are built and the main possibilities of the closed
production of higher technological facilities. The basic industries for such
regions are ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical
(petrochemical) and food industry. For the economy of such areas there is a
characteristic dependence on the volumes of industrial production, foreign
economic raw material and resource conditions and the efficiency and quality of
the implementation of the achievements of advanced scientific and technological
developments. Despite the significant innovation potential, the subjects of the
real sector of the economy in these regions are not able to fully use their own
capacities, develop competitive directions and areas of innovation, carry out
work on technological and technological modernization, introduce
knowledge-intensive technologies and support the pace of scientific and
technological development [2, 39-45; 5, 93-103].
Industrial production of Ukrainian products takes
place according to the standards of the third and fourth technological
processes, the share of which exceeds 90.0 %. To affirm the establishment and development of
higher technological processes in the real sectors of the national economy,
including in the eastern regions do not have to, because their share does not
exceed 5.0 %, and looking at the low intensity of investment
processes in recent years, we can predict the preservation of this situation. In
the eastern regions of Ukraine, the main volume of industrial products falls on
metallurgy, fuel and energy, chemical complexes, heavy machinery and metal
processing. High-tech industries are not prioritized in real market conditions,
and therefore the development of electrical engineering and precision
engineering, engineering, software engineering, and information services there
is no need to indicate.
Border regions, especially in the western and southern
parts of the country, have prominent transboundary and transit-logistic
potential. The state of investment attractiveness of the border areas is low,
which does not contribute to the formation and efficient use of investment and
financial and resource support for their socio-economic progress and balanced
socio-economic development of the state, is an obstacle to the realization of
innovative potential by the subjects of the real sector of the economy of these
territories [4, 105-112]. It also does not allow to fully develop the
innovative activity of enterprises in these territories, poor state of
production and technical base, low technological level of organization of
transportation, inconsistency of the system of management of transport and road
complex with the growing needs of society and European standards of quality of
transport services.
For a long time, in regions with high transboundary
transit and logistics potential, are not solved problems with improvement of
transport infrastructure, increase of efficiency of tariff policy on transport,
liberalization of customs transit procedures at border stations, creation of a
ramified system of transport and logistics centers, etc. [1, 117-123; 2, 39-45].
In such regions of Ukraine
there should be the fastest transformational changes that will:
-
increase the innovative
potential of the transport and road complex;
- provide support for the innovative activity of
enterprises of the basic types of economic activity at all stages of the
innovation process;
- stimulate the development of innovative directions
and the wide introduction of advanced scientific and technological developments
into real sector of the economy.
Unlike other regions of the central and northern part
of Ukraine, they have a strong natural and climatic and resource-production
potential, which creates opportunities for the agrarian sector, the production
of high-quality agricultural products, food security and the implementation of
a successful export policy. Given such favorable conditions, agro-industrial
production in these regions is characterized by insufficient efficiency, which
is confirmed by the [4, 105-112]:
- weakness of the financial and economic situation of
agricultural enterprises;
-
violation of the optimal
structure of crops area crops;
-
insufficient introduction of
organic and mineral fertilizers;
-
low level of state support
for the effective use of land resources;
-
lack of interest
agricultural enterprises in introducing new technologies in agroindustrial production
and use of land.
Effective use of agro-industrial potential in the
regions with the corresponding specialization requires changes in the use of
its production-resource capacities, techno-technological provision of
agricultural production, implementation of resource-saving innovations for
improving the quality and competitiveness of agricultural products in the
domestic and foreign food markets. It is about the need to introduce new
tillage technologies («precise farming»), agrotechnical measures to combat
erosion processes, innovative operations to improve the fertility of
agricultural land and increase the volumes of agro-industrial production of
environmentally friendly products.
Also, a number of regions of Ukraine are distinguished
by the level of scientific and technological development, as high concentration
of higher educational establishments, academic institutions, research and
design institutes (laboratories, centers, complexes) is high on their
territories. Here we mean separate regions of central (Kiev), western (Lviv)
and eastern (Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk) parts of Ukraine. In each of these
regions there are more than 30 higher educational institutions (more than 70 in
Kyiv), 10 research institutes of different specializations.
Another feature of the respective regions is that
their regional centers are the platforms for the active development of the IT
industry, which in the world economy has long been the main source of economic
growth and strengthening competitiveness. The presence of such information and
communication capacities in the regions is confirmed by an increase in the
number of IT business entities, by increasing their export potential and by
creating high-paying jobs. And in the case of further development of the IT
sphere in the national economy, it may cause qualitative structural changes and
large-scale modernization of the real economy sector.
Despite this, the use of internal scientific and
technological potential remains ineffective, as evidenced by the low level and
inefficient allocation of expenditures for scientific and scientific works,
lack of adequate budget support, low levels of scientific and technical work,
low practical feasibility of research, deterioration intellectual and personnel
support of innovation activity, aging of scientific specialists [1, 117-123; 4,
405-112].
In our opinion, the effectiveness of implementing
innovative potential by the entities of the real economy in the regions where
the scientific and technological potential is formed and the IT sphere is
actively developing will be conditioned by the level of:
-
financial and investment
support for scientific and scientific and technical works;
-
fiscal stimulation of
entrepreneurial activity in carrying out R & D;
-
favorable investment conditions
in the creation and use of scientific and technological developments;
-
commercialization of
intellectual property objects;
-
preserving intellectual
capital and preventing its emigration.
Thus, the characteristics given to innovative
development tools and regional peculiarities of the formation and development
of resource potential of the entities of the real economy sector allow, in
subsequent studies, to comprehensively identify the list of expected results
that can and should be achieved in the strategic perspective.
Literature
1. Lupak R. L. Conceptual Relationships between the
Systems of Ensuring the Economic Security of the State and the Implementation
of the State Policy of Import Substitution / R. L. Lupak, M. V. Kunytska-Iliash
// Problems of Economy. – 2017. – № 2. – P. 117-123.
2. Lupak R. L. Substantiation of the directions of
structural reforms in the economy of Ukraine in the context of realization of
the state region and branch policy of import substitution / R. L. Lupak, M. V.
Kunytska-Iliash // Innovative economy. – 2017. – № 7-8 (70). – P. 39-45.
3. Vasyltsiv T. H. Justification of strategic priorities
of state structural policy of import substitution in Ukraine / T. H. Vasyltsiv,
R. L. Lupak // Actual problems of economics. – 2016. – № 1. – P. 52-60.
4. Vasyltsiv T. H. Priorities and tools of the state
regional policy of import substitution in the market of consumer goods of
Ukraine / T. H. Vasyltsiv, R. L. Lupak // Strategic priorities. – 2017. – № 3.
– P. 105-112.
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