UDK :811.512.122:004

Malik Maira Malikovna

Almaty, Kazakhstan

PhD student of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Alkebaeva Dina

Almaty, Kazakhstan

professor of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Аннотация

Статья заключает в себе наиболее распространенные «электронные жанры»: веб-сайты, электронные библиотеки, электронные журналы, электронную почту, чаты, доски объявлений, коллекции программного обеспечения, различные онлайн-каталоги; и анализируют обзоры коммерческих сообщений. Рассматриваются концепции и определения российских и зарубежных ученых по модели описания жанра компьютерной коммуникации.

Ключевые слова: интернет, модель, жанр, общение, классификация, функция.

Annotation

This article examines the current widespread “genre of electronics”- web sites, electronic libraries, magazines, e-mail, chat, informative boards, software collections, various online directories; reviews of commercial messages. It considers the concepts and model of Russian and foreign scientists about modern computer communications.

Keywords: internet, module, genre, communication, classification, function.

Theoretical analysis of internet genres

             N.D. Arutyunova, L.G. Babenko, M.M. Bakhtin, A. Vezhbitskaya, V. E Goldin, V.V. Dementyev, A.K. Dolinin, V. Orlykovsky, K.F. Sedova, M.Y. Fedosiuk, T.V. Shmeleva, O.B. Sirotinina, G. Antonova, E.S. Zhulenova, and other  Russian and foreign scientists make some definitions and scientific views on Internet genres and its classification. L.A. Capadadze recommends to incorporate today's widely used "electronic genres" - websites, e-libraries, e-magazines, e-mail, chat, message boards, software collections, various internet directories, commercial messages, banners - in two major groups: written and verbal. All considered classifications are based on different areas of the Internet connection (specific / non-specific, service, commercial / general information, entertainment), but cannot fully cover all the characteristics of the Internet communication and cannot influence to specific human factor.

In the article "Describing Theoretical Analysis of Internet Genres"

E.I. Goroshko offers the following criteria:

1. Hypertext and interactivity of the environment;

2. Intensity of multimedia application;

3. Use communication capabilities between the author and his audience;

4. Synchronization of communication;

5. Frequency of updating information on the Internet;

6. E-mail addresses, which has an audience for particular genre;

7. The author: the features of his lingual identity (status, biocompatibility (age, gene, native language)), multiple and unique authors of electronic text, goals for the author in the electronic medium, and others;

8. Internet geography [1].

These factors are based on the classification of Internet communication developed by E.I. Goroshko and E.A. Zhigalina, according to which the authors propose to separate genres and hyper-genre, which are interpreted as "Diversity that reflects social and communicative situations in the Internet and unites several genres."

Table 1

Internet genres:	Hyper-genre
Email	Website
Forum	Blog
Chat	Public network
Notification bar	Electronic library
Advertising banners
Instant messaging with programs
Virtual conference
Author`s post or record
Comment

Differences between new forms of Internet communication are described on the basis of T.V. Shmeleva's dictionary genre modeling, because Internet access is mainly based on computer, and other criteria are required to use other genre techniques [2].

Table 2

Dictionary genre according to Т.V. Shmeleva and Internet genre model according to E.I. Goroshko and E. A. Jigalina

Dictionary genre according to Т.V. Shmeleva	Internet genre model according to E.I. Goroshko and E. A. Jigalina
Communicative aim	Communicative aim
Author`s model	The concepts of addresser
The concepts of addressee	The concepts of addressee
Contents of the event	Contents of the event
Communicative Past and Future factors	Communicative Past factors
Linguistic manifestation of the genre	Communicative Future factors
	Formative structure
	Linguistic design: · Linguistic tools; · Graphic decorations; · Front decoration; · Availability of audiovisual information;

Dictionary genre according to T.V. Shmeleva pays strong attention to grammatical peculiarity of the genre, which is also taken into account of describing the Internet genre.  The multidimensionality and complexity of the Internet communication genres are reflected in the "linguistic design" analysis, taking into account language tools, graphic and font decoration and audiovisual information, and also defining the technical side of the communication phenomenon in the investigated network. The problem of genre stratification produced by L.U. Shpitsina is quite correct, according to which it`s recommended to take into consideration the media, pragmatic, structural-semantic and lingual-stylistic parameters of the Internet genre [3].

Table 3. Descriptive model of internet genre

Descriptive model of internet genre (L.U. Shpitsina)
Media parameter	Pragmatic parameters	Structural-semantic parameters	Lingual-stylistic parameters
(what kind of genre features?)	(Who? To whom? For what? Where?)	(What?)	(How?)
Decoration of the genre	Adressant	Theme and subtitles	Phonetic-graphic tools
Hypertext	Addressee	Opening of the theme	Lexical
Multimedia	Aim	Text units	Morphological
Synchronicity	Communication		Syntactic
Interactivity			Stylistic
Number of communicators

            The model of describing the genre of inter-computer communication is characterized by the criteria and heuristics, which provides the fullest specification of modern type communication in the network. According to this model, L.U. Shpitsina suggests to separate the genre of media and functional genres, and also to distribute the primary and secondary genres of inter-computer communications. 

According to the classification of the media, the genres of the certain Internet activities include: e-mail - electronic mail, distribution list; news service - news groups; World Wide Web - web pages, web portals, forums, web blogs, search engines, public networks, e-libraries, web directories; IRC, ICQ - Chat; Telnet, MUD - multi-user world; In addition to the proposed classification, L. U. Shpitsina explains that "the linguistic significance of the proposed classification can be used to describe each genre, which identifies the common formative characters of different genres and their use of textual editing and linguistic means." [3]

            Functional classification of Internet genres is based on communication services. Classification of internet genres:

1. Informative genres are intended for delivery or receipt of information: institutional web pages, including network news and news agencies, search tools, online encyclopedias, directories, distribution lists, electronic libraries and archives;

2. Communicative (social) genres serve to meet the etiquette standards and meet the needs of communication: chat, email, newsgroups, forums, public networks;

3. The active genre promotes the addressee's actions: web pages of news, online shops and auctions;

4. Presentative genres, genres that give information about themselves or about their creativity, and their own web-pages, web-blogs;

5. Aesthetic genres, aesthetic effect of their creative potentials and their work by their fair creativity: online novel, etc.

6. Entertaining genres, having joy by performing roles in the virtual world: multi-user worlds and games.

Functional classification of Internet genres, in comparison with classification of media, allows to define similar stylistic properties of genres combined in one common activity. Genres having primary and secondary structure will be divided as simple (forum) and constituent (web pages or web portals). 

According to the above authors, Internet genres can be separated by direct communication: synchronous and non-synchronous genres. L. Shipitsina uses simultaneous genres (chat and multi-use world) to consider the time dimension of oral communication and spatial dimension of written communication, i.e., the presence of the communicators at the same time in the network and their physical separation. A non-synchronic genre (web pages, web blog) are specific type of hypertext which, according to the author, is actively used in the single-component nouns and to change textual structure.

Specific features of the genre offered by L.U. Shpitsina take into consideration the different genres, and allow carry out various classification of genre forms in Internet communication, by the media and pragmatic parameters, as well as functional peculiarities; the linguistic analysis of the Internet genre consists of stylistic-linguistic and structural-semantic description of investigated Internet communication. This reflects the peculiarity and flexibility of the genre model, as it provides a systematic review of modern genres and traditional genres, characterized by its variability and diversity.

References:

1.           E.I. Gororshkо, Theoretical analysis of the Internet genres: To understand the problematic area. Sat Nauch.st.- Saratov: College, 2005, 370-379 с.

2. T.V. Shmeleva, Oral model of genre. – Saratov: College, 1997, 88-98 с.

3.           L.U. Shipitsina, Computer-assisted communication: The linguistic aspect of the analysis. - М .: Crosland, 2010, 38-84 с.

4. M.M. Bakhtin, Problems of rehearsal genres. - М .: Gnosis, 1986, 254 с.