Merezhko E.S.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

Modern methods of professional hygiene of oral cavity

Professional oral hygiene is a required step before any planned dental treatment [2,6]. Repeated and regular visits to the office hygiene depends on the following factors: the procedure should be painless, short, comfortable and effective [1, 6]. Today there are hardware and mechanical removal of dense deposits on the teeth.

The sound method. The range of vibrations (frequency) is in the range from 1500 to 8000 Hz. Fluctuations arise due to the movements of a hollow cylinder, placed in the sound tip, under the action of compressed air. The nozzle provides an elliptical oscillations, so that all the surface are the workers. During operation, a large amount of heat, so an abundant water cooling is required to prevent overheating of tissues. Sonic scalers allow you to quickly clean up a massive plaque [1]. However, it should be noted that the thickness of the removal of cement in the subgingival treatment with the use of this group of devices is the maximum and is 93.5 µm [1].

Ultrasonic method (oscillation frequency 20 60 kHz). This method has been actively used in medicine for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in CE the middle of the twentieth century, and in 1955 first suggested for the removal of dental plaque. This method is widespread due to a number of inherent characteristic features: the Hydrodynamic effect is based on the ability of ultrasonic waves reflected from obstacles. In the liquid generates a powerful vortex of energy that is able to remove the granulation tissue and destroy microorganisms [1,6].

Microstreaming the formation of stable one-directed flow near a vibrating object. This effect is mediated removal of dental plaque and microorganisms from subgingival areas [1,6].

Cavitation – the formation and activation of a gas or vapor cavities (bubbles) in the medium exposed to ultrasound exposure. The energy released during the destruction (bursting) of bubbles that can destroy the shell of microbial cell and, therefore, to provide a bactericidal effect [1,4,6].

The diffuse effect of drugs distributed in all directions and in all environments due to the action of ultrasonic vibrations. This mechanism enhances the therapeutic-Pro-vention of the action of drugs [1,4]. Of course, an important issue is the possible negative effect of this method on the cement of the tooth root.

Removal of dental plaque is carried out using magnetostrictive or piezoelectric scalers in conjunction with hand tools (kuratomi Gracie). During professional hygiene eliminate local irritants, ground off the sharp edges of teeth, fillings irrational, overhanging edges of fillings. Cleaning aproximally areas is with floss and a strip pad. Then proceed to the final polishing, using brushes, rubber caps and poly - lactation abrasive pastes. After polishing, there is a final irrigation of the oral cavity with a warm antiseptic solutions [2].

Obligatory condition of treatment of periodontal diseases and in the management of patients with dental implants after the removal of hard dental deposits total destruction of the subgingival biofilm, which uses an air polishing powder glycine or processing apparatus Vector [5,7,8,9,10]. If the patient has partial and full dentures, these structures need careful hygiene [3]. It is recommended to conduct a professional hygiene of the prosthesis for thorough cleaning and polishing of the prosthesis. All patients provide recommendations for the care of orthopedic structures.

Therefore, professional oral hygiene, combined with a rational hygiene of oral cavity, tongue and prosthetic patients has considerably improved the ecology of the oral cavity, restoration of the microbial landscape and acid-base balance of the oral cavity, preventing diseases of hard tissue of teeth, oral mucosa and periodontium.

List of references:

1. Сарапульцева М.В., Шляхтова И.А. Уровень болевого симптома у пациентов при применении разных типов ультразвуковых скейлеров. Пародонтология. 2009. Т. 53. № 4. С. 26-33.

2. Лукиных Л.М., С.М. Толмачева, Н.В. Тиунова Особенности проведения профессиональной гигиены полости рта при эрозивно-язвенных поражениях слизистой оболочки полости рта // DentalForum. — 2013. — № 5. — С. 35—36.

3. Лукиных Л.М., Н.В. Тиунова, И.А. Левин Особенности гигиены полости рта у пациентов с несъемными и съемными протезами // DentalForum. — 2014. — № 4. — С. 71—72.

4. Боровский Е.В. Эффективность ультразвуковых аппаратов в стоматологии//Клиническая стоматология.- 2001. №6 — С.62-66.

5. Аверьянов С.В., Гуляева О.А., Маматов Ю.М., Ильчигулова О.Е. Сравнение эффективности немедикаментозных методов в комплексе поддерживающей пародонтальной терапии // Проблемы стоматологии. – 2017. - №1 . – С.51-55.

6. Буляков Р.Т., Гуляева О.А., Тухватуллина Д.Н., Саляхова Г.А., Гумерова М.И. Современные методы и средства профессиональной гигиены полости рта Учебно-методическое пособие для врачей-интернов - Уфа: Изд-во ГБОУ ВПО «БГМУ РОСЗДРАВА», 2011. 90 с.

7. Буляков Р.Т., Сабитова Р.И., Гуляева О.А., Чемикосова Т.С., Тухватуллина Д.Н. Новые возможности консервативного малоинвазивного лечения воспалительных заболеваний пародонта //Пародонтология. – 2013. – № 1. – С. 55-59.

8. Гуляева О.А., Буляков Р.Т., Герасимова Л.П., Чемикосова Т.С. Современные методы в комплексном лечении воспалительных заболеваний пародонта Монография - Уфа:Изд-во «УралПолиграфСнаб», 2016. - 190 c.

9. Гуляева О.А., Аверьянов С.В. Профилактика воспалительных осложнений после дентальной имплантации // Пародонтология. – 2017. – № 2. – С. 84-88.

10. Аверьянов С.В., Гуляева О.А. Повышение эффективности консервативного лечения воспалительных осложнений после дентальной имплантации //Стоматология. 2017. Т. 96. № 6-2. С. 20.