Sadykova G. M., Sharipov
A.I.
Bashkir state medical
University, Ufa
CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH DISTAL
OCCLUSION
Distal occlusion is one of
the most common malocclusion anomalies [1,6,7]. Currently there is a large and
growing number of adult patients with distal occlusion need orthodontic
treatment [2,3], as evidenced by the analysis of the epidemiological data on
the prevalence of dentofacial anomalies in Russia and abroad.
According to the results of
studies, the share of distal occlusion in adults accounts for 12.4 to 65% of
all occlusion anomalies [8]. Distal occlusion refers to the number of
dentofacial anomalies, leading to complications [4,5,6]. In the case of distal
occlusion morphological changes are observed in the dentoalveolar, so
gnatichesky levels, which leads to the degree of severity of the development of
dentofacial deformity and subsequent complex treatment. A very important method
of diagnosis of maxillofacial anomalies are cephalometric study, based on the
method of teleroentgenography. Thus, patients with distal occlusion is a need
for accurate cephalometric analysis of the existing irregularities in the
structure of the facial skeleton and in particular of dentoalveolar apparatus,
which is impossible to hold without teleroentgenogram.
The aim of the study was to
analyze the data of the TWG in the lateral projection in patients with distal
occlusion before orthodontic treatment.
Materials and methods: we
Examined 15 patients with distal occlusion aged 19 to 27 years who were treated
in the orthodontic Department of the HOUSE Republican dental clinic of Ufa. TRG
was carried out under standard conditions on an x-ray unit Orthophos Plus DS
Ceph. All patients asked to undergo
teleroentgenography research prior orthodontic treatment, with the aim of
identifying changes in the oral and maxillofacial region. The following
parameters were studied: <SNA, <SNV, <ANV, <NSL-NL, <NSL-ML,
<NL-ML, < β.
Analysis of the head of the
TWG in the lateral projection was performed according to the procedure adopted
in the Department of orthodontics, Saint-Petersburg medical Academy of
postgraduate education.
The results of the study: the
Study of teleroentgenogram in the lateral projection has proved the existence
of characteristic changes of dental indicators for surveyed patients with
distal occlusion. In the study of the parameters of the TWG in the lateral
projection revealed that the most informative corners - SNА, SNВ, АNВ showing the normal position of the upper jaw and
retrognathism the position of the mandible relative to the cranial base,
retrognathia the position of the mandible relative to the maxilla. The
parameter <SNB characterizing the position of the apical basis of the
mandible relative to the anterior skull base is less than the norm by an
average of 3.3°, which indicates the posterior position of the mandible and
confirms the presence of distal occlusion in the examined. The mean value of
ANB angle has exceeded the value rules more than 3 times, which confirms the
diagnosis of distal occlusion. Parameter values of the angles NSL-NL, NSL-ML,
NL-ML were in the normal range. Indicators differed angle Go downwards in
comparison with the norm, which indicates the trend to vertical type growth and
the adverse forecast of development of distal occlusion. The results of the
analysis of the index < β indicating the position of the lower jaw in relation
to the upper jaw indicate that 54% of the examined patients revealed I skeletal
class, 46 % - II skeletal class (< β less by an average of 8.1).
Dentoalveolar form of the distal occlusion was observed in 63% of
patients, and gnatic form of this disease in 37% of patients.
Conclusions: the Success of
treatment of patients with distal occlusion is largely determined by the
accuracy of diagnosis. Crucial in the diagnosis plays telerentgenological
examination of the facial skeleton in the lateral projection, which allows you
to identify the leading pathological mechanisms and conduct differential
diagnosis of combined forms of this anomaly, which can not be carried out on
the basis of clinical data only.
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