Zakharova D. A.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

SKELETAL ANCHORAGE IN ORTHODONTICS

Orthodontic treatment involves the application of force to the teeth and surrounding structures, and controlling this force. The larger the area of the reference segment, i.e. the more teeth included, the greater the force that can be applied to the roaming segment. Therefore, patients with partial loss of teeth for orthodontic treatment, the key challenge is to create a fulcrum. Currently, solutions to this problem are orthodontic mini - and microimplants, which according to years of research by foreign authors are able to provide absolute support [1, 2]. At present, the use of microimplants has a high success rate (around 90 %). The term "mini-implants" is used when the implant diameter is 1.9 mm and more, the term "microimplants" - if the diameter is less than 1.9 mm.

Numerous studies were conducted about the effectiveness of support with implants, both in animals and in humans. Also studied was the level of forces produced by the orthodontic appliance and is attached to the implants [3].

The use of orthodontic mini-implants has several advantages: 1) Compact size allows you to place them in almost any part of the alveolar process. 2) Surgical stage of least traumatic, in comparison with the standard technique due to the installation of mini-implants directly through the mucosa, without detachment of the mucoperiosteal flap. 3) Good primary stability of mini-implants allows to load them immediately after installation. 4) the Operation of removing the mini-implant after orthodontic treatment does not require special approach and minimally invasive. 5) Low cost [4,5, 6].

The use of orthodontic implants as a support orthodontic appliances allows you to expand treatment options and make the result more stable and to accelerate its achievement. However, to ensure absolute stability of microimplants in their use as a support during orthodontic treatment is not possible [4].

In recent years, indications for temporary implantation for orthodontic treatment has expanded considerably [7]: the movement or stabilization of the individual groups of teeth; retraction of the front teeth of the upper jaw without losing the stabilizing supports; mesial, distal movement of posterior teeth upper and lower jaw; the correction of the inclination of the occlusal plane; intrusion, extrusion of teeth; the discharge of impacted teeth; removal of teeth rotations; indirect anchorage. Creating an effective support is an important factor in determining the success of orthodontic treatment.[8]

Used in orthodontic practice the methods of anchorage of the abutment teeth of the upper jaw are not always perfect, sometimes bulky and/or difficult to use in some cases, unacceptable for a particular patient.[9] Inadequate the choice of method of anchorage, and his misuse of time can lead to loss of anchorage, and thus to the emergence of complications, additional time is required for treatment and, in some cases to unsatisfactory results at the end of treatment [10]. The above dictates a more profound and detailed study of the problem of anchorage of the abutment teeth of the maxilla during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

List of used literature:

1. Аверьянов С.В., Авраамова О.Г., Акатьева Г.Г., и др.Детская терапевтическая стоматология. Национальное руководство. Москва, 2017.

2. Аверьянов С.В., Рябых Л.А., «Хирургическая коррекция зубочелюстных аномалий.» Уфа 2014 год

3. Аверьянов С.В., Низаева Л.Ф., Пересторонина А.А. Ортодонтические микроимпланты В сборнике: НАУКА, ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ИННОВАЦИИ сборник статей международной научно-практической конференции: в 3 частях. 2017. С. 213-215.

4. Оборотистов Н.Ю. Российская система ортодонтических миниимплантов / Н.Ю. Оборотистов, А.А. Мураев, Л.В. Польма // Ортодонтия. – 2010. - №4. – С.46-49.

5. Дудко А. С. Применение имплантатов в ортодонтических целях // Стоматол. журн. - 2012, №3. С. 21-23.

6. Флис П.С. Статистика применения микроимплантов в ортодонтии / П.С. Флис, Х. Резаи // Современная стоматология. – 2015. - №1. – С.135-136.

7. Абдулла Х. Обоснование ортодонтического лечения аномального положения зубов с применением микроимплантов // Український стоматологічний альманах. – 2011. - №2. – С.45-48.

8. Профит У. Р. Современная ортодонтия/ под ред. Л. С. Персина. - М.: Медпресс-информ, 2013. - 560 с.

9. Польма Л.В., Персин Л.С., Ломакин М.В., Мураев A.A. Использование имплантатов при ортодонтическом лечении // Ортодент-инфо. - 2010. - № 3. - С. 44-51.