Gazieva G.

Bashkir state medical University, Russia

The role of habits in children in the development of dentofacial anomalies

Bad habits in children are one of the reasons of occurrence and development of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations. They lead to the fact that there is parafunction the muscles surrounding dentition, the mandibular displacement; violation of detached teeth and groups; the changing shape of the dentition; malocclusion in sagittal, transversales and vertical directions [1,3]. These violations are fixed with age and ,as a rule, lead to changes in face shape. In addition, they can is the cause of periodontal disease, TMJ, posture [2, 4].

Responsible parents pay special attention to the health of the child. Therefore, a visit to the orthodontist is a matter of time. Before you begin orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to bring the child to the psychologist who will be able to identify the problem and find solutions. Orthodontic problems can be a result of prolonged stress that a child faces. During experiences, the child begins to chew lips, sucking and chewing fingers, which is reflected in the condition of their oral cavity.

Bad habits usually seen in toddlers, because of this they find it difficult to control his actions. Which explains the emotion and desire. Kids are unable to cope with a stressful situation, the parents calm the baby the mother's breast, a pacifier, sweets.

What to treat bad habits? Bad habits can be divided into several groups.

I. Recorded motor responses. This section to be a habit of sucking and prokusyvanie language; a habit of sucking and prokusyvanie lips, cheeks, objects; the habit of sucking fingers.

II.Fixed incorrectly flowing function. Are such as impaired function of mastication; mouth breathing; incorrect language articulation; incorrect swallowing habit and language pressure on the teeth.

III. Recorded poznokomitsya reflexes that determine the correct position of the body at rest: incorrect body posture and posture; incorrect position of lower jaw and tongue alone [5].

The main task of parents is to help your child to eliminate the habit. Parents need to teach children to cope with stress without applying the above mentioned methods. In this case the ability to comfort their child. To listen and support will help your child to get rid of worries.

Showing the mucous membrane of the oral cavity imperceptible habit, but it leads to the emergence of numerous wounds in the mouth that can cause infection and constant irritation.

Thumb sucking leads to distal displacement of the mandible with a flattening of the lower portion of the dental arch, open bite horizontally and vertically.

Sucking group of the fingers often leads to the development of open bite, the tongue is moved backwards, making it difficult to breath and other functions of the teeth-jaw system.

Sucking, biting of the lower lip or other objects lead to the development of prognathia with a protrusion and a fan-shaped divergence of the upper incisors, distal displacement of the mandible and delay the development of the front portion of the bottom dental arch.

Sucking the upper lip contributes to the Palatine inclination of the incisors of the upper jaw and inhibits the development of the front part of the upper dental arch, resulting in the development of false progeny (front) [6]..

Biting the lower lip, and mouth breathing is observed at diseases of the nasopharynx (e.g., hypertrophy of tonsils, adenoids) is regarded as a forced action, which is easier to hold the lower jaw in a comfortable breathing position.

Starting to remove the anomaly of the bite, if the doctor-ortodon sees a need, he should strongly advise parents to turn to a psychologist. The need is to explain that it is pointless to begin treatment, if the cause remain. Otherwise carried out orthodontic treatment, while not eliminating bad habits, is zero.

The list of references.

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6. Чуйкин С.В., Аверьянов С.В. Особенности этиологии, патогенеза и профилактики зубочелюстных аномалий у детей в регионе с неблагоприятными факторами окружающей среды // Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика. 2009. Т. 8. № 4. С. 53-56.