Gerasimova A. A.

Bashkir state medical University Ufa

The role of harmful production factors in the pathology of the oral mucosa

The oral cavity has the first contact with environmental factors, which inevitably leads to dental pathology [2, 6]. The long-term influence of the complex of production factors along with the deterioration of health of workers, as a rule, can lead to pathological changes in the oral mucosa [7, 8, 9], periodontal diseases [1,3,4,10], hard dental tissues [5]. Among the many industries, workers which have contact with the occupational hazard, of course, is to highlight the poultry industry, the production workers are exposed to sensitising activity 2 category - "moderately hazardous" industrial allergens in respect of protein-vitamin concentrate and mushrooms. Despite the ongoing research, the development of new and optimization of existing methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa in workers exposed to xenogenic effects remain relevant.

The purpose of the study: to Study the level of oral sensitization to allergens of fungal etiology in workers exposed to harmful factors of poultry production.

Materials and methods. 350 workers were examined poultry operations and 100 people in the control group at the age from 25 to 52 years with experience of 5 years or more. The survey was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO (1985). Studies were conducted by non-invasive techniques, by studying the non-stimulated mixed saliva of patients.

Specific sensitisation to Candida albicans was determined by concentration of immunospecific IgE to Candida albicans in oral fluid (RH) by ELISA method.

Research result. During a comprehensive dental examination of the workers of the poultry production was 85.6±0,93% diagnosed disease COP that exceeded the values in the control group - 27,4±0,45%. The leading place in the group of diseases of the oral mucosa (SOR) in working poultry farms took candidiasis SOR - 79,9±0,95%, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) - 32,5±0,21% and red flat lichen (CPL) - 9,7±0,53% of cases (p≤0,05).

In the study of the concentration of immunospecific IgE to Candida albicans in RH, the following data were obtained: the highest values of IgE to Candida albicans were determined in workers with candidiasis of COP in 88.6%±0.37% of cases (5.7±0.83 IU/ml) and only in 11.4±0.51% they were within the norm (0.49±0.76 IU/ml). From 87,1%±0,92% of workers with ASD have been very elevated levels of IgE antibodies to Candida аlbicans - 5,02±0,48 IU/ml, and of 12.9±0,01% - in the normal range of 0.52±0.39 in IU/ml in workers with elevated CPL values are determined - 76,4±0.69 percent, individuals (4,3±0,66 IU/ml) in the normal range of 23.6±0,17% of the workers (0,48±0,72 IU/ml). Even in a group of workers of poultry-farming production which was not detected clinical signs of diseases of the COP at a 48.3±0.75% RJ had elevated levels of IgE to Candida immunospecificity аlbicans of 2.9±0,42 IU/ml, and from 51.7±0,48% - it was in the normal range of 0.41±0,83 IU/ml.

Summary. People working in conditions of chronic aerogenic load with fungal allergens undergo local sensitization of the oral mucosa to this fungus, which is proved by the increased level of specific IgE in the oral fluid.

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