Mashkina J.I.

FGBOU IN Bashkir State Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa

FREQUENCY OF MEETING OF TEETH RETENTION IN CHILDREN BY ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM DATA

The problem of the development of pathological conditions caused by abnormalities in the formation and eruption of teeth is one of the most urgent in modern orthodontics. The variety of dentoalveolar anomalies is difficult to draw up a treatment plan for such patients and further clinical examination [1,3,5,7]. In the constant bite, the eruption and position of canines, lower and upper wisdom teeth predominate. Retention of individual teeth is often a cause of disruption in the formation of dentition and their closure. Retention and dystopia of the upper canines occur in 25 to 30% of cases, impairment of the eruption of the lower wisdom teeth - in 75%. Thus, in most cases, complications are associated with anomalies in the formation and eruption of third molars. Retention of the teeth is a pathology requiring compulsory treatment for several reasons. First, retention can cause the development of odontogenic cysts. Secondly, the retouched teeth can erupt spontaneously, as a result of which they can become the reason for the resorption of the roots by a number of standing permanent teeth. Thirdly, the retouched teeth, due to spontaneous eruption, can cause abnormal eruption of adjacent permanent healthy teeth. Fourth, the retention of the frontal teeth disrupts the aesthetics of the face and can cause the lateral teeth to move toward the defect [1,4, 6]. The cause of retention may be a common disease (rickets, congenital syphilis, impaired function of internal secretion), premature removal of milk teeth, improper or very deep disposition of teeth rudiments, their inadequate formation, mechanical obstruction (supercomplex and delayed milk teeth, odontomas), rooting of retinized teeth between themselves or with the jawbone in osteomyelitis, thickening or sharp curvature of the apex of the root, trauma, cysts, hereditary, constitutional anomalies, inconsistent growth of the jaw and development of the teeth [2,8]. Often the cause of retention is the supercomplete teeth. A retinal superfine tooth located on the path of eruption of the permanent tooth may be the reason for the retention of the latter. In some cases, the retained tooth is located deep in the bone at a considerable distance from the edge of the alveolar process. If the tooth retention is not eliminated, a gradual decrease in the periodontal gap is observed, the tooth is embedded with bone tissue. The ability to erupt such teeth is significantly reduced. In the future, often observed resorption retenirovannyh teeth, accompanied by pains of a neurological nature. At the first stage of development of retention, it is sufficient to eliminate the causative factor, and such teeth erupt on their own. When a persistent retention develops, one elimination of the causes is not enough, it is necessary to give the shaded tooth the correct direction for eruption in the dentition, and also to stimulate the process of its self-eruption or to use stretching [3]. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of retentivated teeth among children from 12 to 18 years in Ufa. Materials and methods: the study was conducted on the basis of clinical dental clinic BSMU, the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery with the course of IDPO. 105 teenagers, aged from 12 to 18 years, who underwent X-ray examination, using optopantomograph were examined. Patients were divided into age groups: group A - 12 - 13 years, 28 patients (11 boys, 17 girls), group B - 14 - 15 years, 29 patients (13 boys, 16 girls), group C - 16-17 years , 19 patients (7 boys, 12 girls), group D - 18 years, 26 patients (10 boys, 21 girls). Statistical processing of data was carried out using standard programs SPSS v17.0 for OS Windows. Descriptive statistics were carried out for all the analyzed indicators, depending on the type of variable. Qualitative signs were represented in the form of shares (%) and absolute numbers. As a result of the study, the following indicators were obtained: the frequency of occurrence of tooth retention in children - 60% of the total number of subjects, complete retention of teeth - 65% of cases, incomplete retention - 35%. Of these, the greatest number of patients with retentated third molars is 89%, in second place the canine retention is 7%, the retention of the second premolar is 4%. In the study of orthopantomograms, patients had a changeable and permanent bite. Thus, the frequency of occurrence of retention teeth in children aged 12 to 18 years was 60%. Which is a very high indicator. The conducted research has proved that the problem of dental retention is one of the main places among the pathology of the dentoalveolar system, which requires special measures for the prevention and sanitation of the oral cavity in this category of the population. Timely detection and treatment of this pathology will help prevent the development of anomalies in the formation and eruption of teeth, which in turn leads to complications and secondary deformations.

List of used literature:

1. Галенко В.В. Диагностика и лечение аномалий со сверхкомплектными и ретенированными зубами // Ортодонтия. Методы профилактики, диагностики и лечения: тр. ЦНИИС. – М., 1990. - С. 90 - 93.

2. Железный П.А., Плотникова Н.А. Ортодонтия и детское протезирование: Новосибирск, 1998. - С. 91.

3. Персин Л.С. Ортодонтия. Диагностика и лечение зубочелюстных аномалий. Руководство для врачей. М. – Медицина, 2005. С.165

4. Аверьянов С.В., Зубарева А.В. Комплексный метод лечения ретенированных зубов //Ортодонтия. 2016. № 2 (74). С. 32.

5. Аверьянов С.В., Пермякова Е.С., Машкина Ю.И. Частота встречаемости ретенции зубов у детей по данным ортопантомограммы // Наука, образование и инновации сборник статей международной научно-практической конференции. 2016. С. 133-135.

6. Чуйкин С.В., Аверьянов С.В., Мингазева А.З., Балабин Н.М., Гончаров А.В., Михайлова Г.А. Комбинированный метод лечения ретенции клыка // Проблемы стоматологии. 2008. № 4. С. 37-39.

7. Аверьянов С.В., Авраамова О.Г., Акатьева Г.Г., и др. Детская терапевтическая стоматология. Национальное руководство. Москва, 2017.

8. Аверьянов С.В., Авраамова О.Г., Акатьева Г.Г., и др. Детская терапевтическая стоматология Национальное руководство / Под ред. В.К. Леонтьева, Л.П. Кисельниковой. Научный редактор: Маслак Е.Е.. Москва, 2010.