Phazlislyahmetova L. A.
Bashkir state medical
University, Russia
Change in the dental status of
working in environmentally adverse enterprises
The indicators of dental morbidity in the Russian population have
significantly changed in the direction of its growth as a result of the
increase in the level of occupational hazards at production facilities, the
adverse effects of excessive amounts of pesticides, nitrates and other
chemicals [9,11]. To date, there is a lot of data confirming the adverse effect
on the dentoalveolar system of chemical, physical and biological factors of
production [1,4, 6,7,8,10]. At the enterprises of the glass fiber production
workers exposed to a complex of adverse factors: fiber glass, glass wool and
mineral wool, fibre based on aluminium oxide, fiber based carbon/graphite,
silicon carbon (silicon) fibers and yarns, the effect of occupational noise
terms of height and welding [6]. According to the results of a dental
examination in workers of fiberglass production found that caries and chronic
generalized periodontitis detected in 100% of workers. Among the diseases of
the oral mucous membrane (OMM) is dominated by leukoplakia , which occurs in
response to chronic exogenous irritation, are also dominated by the development
of keratosis and hyperkeratosis in the OMM and lips due to prolonged exposure
to high temperature. In the glass industry, the probability of developing
occupational diseases may be associated with the presence in the air of the
working zone of small suspended solids of quartz sand and feldspar. Dust
settling on the skin and mucous membranes can cause irritation and inflammatory
processes (eczema, etc.), blockage of sebaceous and sweat glands and,
consequently, disrupt their normal activity [3]. The dental status of workers:
100% of the cases, dental caries, non-carious lesions, leukoplakia, keratosis
and hyperkeratosis of the OMM. The development of actinic keratoses and the
hyperkeratosis of the oral mucous membrane and lips promotes long-term exposure
to high temperature (steklovarenie furnace). [3] Other adverse human health
that the mining production. Such harmful factors of mining production as
vibration, dust, and to a greater extent their combined effect contributes to
the intensification of lipid peroxidation. The structure, prevalence and
severity of the disease are directly dependent on the length of service in
harmful conditions [2]. The existing factors of mining production have an
adverse effect on the state of indicators of non-specific resistance of the
body and in the oral cavity in particular. In mining workers there is a sharp
decrease in antimicrobial protection of the oral cavity and excessive growth of
the conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora, which leads to the
emergence of a complex of diseases of OMM and periodontal tissues in miners
[5,8]. For dental treatment 100% of the workers found a high degree of activity
of dental caries, chronic generalized periodontitis. Among the adverse
environmental factors for the workers of the copper smelting plant are the main
adverse microclimate, dust, the impact of copper compounds, Nickel, arsenic,
tellurium, selenium, sulfur dioxide, noise, vibration, as well as large
physical activity.[7] for workers engaged in the production of copper, it is established
that copper accumulates in the oral fluid and is embedded in the enamel of
teeth. In addition, the copper ions with organic compounds to form oral liquid
a solid chelate complexes, disrupting metabolic processes.[1] In the study of
oral cavity in workers of copper smelting enterprises identified in 100% of
cases of chronic generalized periodontitis, dental caries, including diseases
of the OMM prevails cheilitis, leukoplakia, lichen planus, herpetic lesions of
the lips.
Thus, a comparative analysis of studies of the dental status of workers
in various harmful industries shows the presence of pronounced changes in the
composition of saliva, the presence of OMM, periodontal disease, 100%
prevalence of dental caries, which are directly related to the adverse effects
of environmental factors of the working environment.
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