Yagafarov R. R.
Bashkir state medical
University, Russia
ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF
PATIENTS WITH THE USE OF DENTAL IMPLANTS
Despite the good level of development of dentistry,
technologies are constantly being improved and new methods of replacement of missing
teeth in patients with dentition defects are being developed[1,2], the method
of dental implants has received a special development.[4] dental implantation
currently occupies a leading place in the system of complex rehabilitation of
patients with dentition defects.[3.6] dental implant installation Operations should be
carried out by specially trained specialists – implantologists who have been
trained and licensed. Dentists are often confronted in my practice with
patients who want to restore lost teeth with the use of dental
implants.[9,10,12] Why every dentist needs to understand dental implants, and
also should be aware of the indications and contraindications for orthopedic
compensation of defects of dentition with implants, [5,6,7], rational preparation
and prevention of possible complications after implantation [6,8, 9,10]. To
date, dental implantology has become an important part of prosthetics in
patients with complete or partial absence of teeth.[1,2] Complete absence of
teeth leads to significant morpho-functional changes in the maxillofacial
system, as well as to social disadaptation of patients.[3] Rehabilitation of
this category of patients is an actual and still unsolved problem. According to
the scientific literature, the frequency of total loss of teeth on one dental
arch by 45 years is 11%, and in groups over 55 years, the proportion of such
patients is about 15%. At the same time, 7% of the adult population have no
teeth of the same arc. In the structure of dental patients, the number of
people with complete absence of teeth is 18%, and in the age group over 60
years reaches 25% .
The aim of the work is to improve the methods of
orthopedic rehabilitation of patients after dental implantation by
manufacturing prostheses with a maximum chewing capacity and good aesthetic
quality, which can be achieved under the condition of a stable position of the
prosthetic and implant system under the influence of chewing load.
Material and methods. Under our supervision during the
period from 2013 to 2018 there were 100 patients who underwent dental
implantation surgery. The largest number of patients was aged from 31 to 54
years. Of these, 65 per cent were women . Among them, 70% were between the ages
of 31 to 50 years. Prosthetics on implants was carried out using different
types of fixed and removable dentures. In the manufacture of non-removable
denture frames for dental implants used zirconium dioxide-49.1% and a frame of
CHS — 62.4%. During the examination of
patients before and after dental implantation, assessed the condition of the
remaining teeth, the mobility of the degree of caries, the condition of
periodontal tissues and mucous membranes of the mouth, type of occlusion, the
thickness and mobility of the mucoperiosteal cover the alveolar process of the
jaw. Long-term results of treatment were studied in 100 people from one to five
years. Assessment of the jaw bone, parafialnych tissue, the topography of the
maxillary sinus, the mandibular canal was carried out with the use of
orthopantomography and intraoral dental radiography, cone-beam computed
tomography.
6 months after implantation clinical and radiological
signs of osseointegration in the area of established implants were revealed.
Complications in the form of implant rejection have not been revealed. All patients completed the installation of
implants rational prosthetics not only bridges, but also full-length structures
of dentures with support for dental implants. On the basis of clinical and
biochemical study of fixed dentures made of various materials made on dental
implants, dentures made of precious metal and ceramics on zirconium dioxide
favorably affect the homeostasis of tissues and oral organs and are the most
biologically compatible types of fixed dentures.
Orthopedic treatment of patients with dental implants
in patients with secondary partial adentia and complete adentia allows maximum
quality restore the integrity of the dentition.
With the help of orthopedic structures to restore the desired function
and aesthetics of the dentoalveolar system, improve the quality of life of
patients.
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