Экономические науки, Перспективные научные
исследования. Болгария
Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor Sansyzbayeva G. N.,
master student Alakhunova T.
Al-Farabi Kazakh national university,
Kazakhstan
The role of socio-entrepreneurial corporations in
implementation of social projects in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Abstract
The
article describes the positive experience of the functioning of socio-entrepreneurial
corporations, which have been successfully operating in Kazakhstan since 2006.
The country has been established socio-entrepreneurial corporations in each
region. An important objective of socio-entrepreneurial corporations is to
support regions’ initiatives to develop and increase production efficiency and
solution of social problems in the regions. The article presents the results of
a number of socio-entrepreneurial corporations’ performance.
Keywords: entrepreneurship,
social entrepreneurship, socio-entrepreneurial
corporations, social projects.
The important place
in formation of structural and organizational elements of socially oriented
market economy, ensuring mutual understanding and interaction of social and
economic and political groups of the Kazakhstan society occupies cooperation of
the state with business. Their activity is a necessary condition and the
component of economic and social progress, the necessary prerequisite providing
its continuity, social development, economic growth, employment and rising of a level of quality of life of the population.
Entrepreneurship plays an important role in realization of economic
potential of all levels of subjects of economic activity
in the modern world. Entrepreneurship promotes emergence of social communications
and functioning of economic structures that conducts to labor productivity
rising. The term "entrepreneurship"
is often interfaced to such phenomena as the solution of technological, social
and economic problems.
The entrepreneurship referred on the solution of social sphere’s problems in scientific medium and business was fixed as "social entrepreneurship" [1]. Entrepreneurship should be estimated through a prism of social advantage, because as the social importance of entrepreneurship is that it
focuses on the production of customer needs, create jobs, helps to increase the
mobility of members of society. For decades, the commercial sector was a force that capable to give to the population those goods and
services which the state cannot
give. The commercial sector was considered as
more flexible and adaptive rather noncommercial. One should notice that the entrepreneurial sphere saved up
sufficient potential for realization of the effective social policy
corresponding to modern economic conditions.
The idea of creation
of socio-entrepreneurial corporations was for the first time sounded by the President of the Republic of
Kazakhstan on March 1, 2006 in the Address to the people of Kazakhstan "Strategy of entry of Kazakhstan into
number of 50 most competitive countries of the world".
The Socio-Entrepreneurial Corporations (SEC) are the
steady business structures which are carrying out the activity for the purpose
of receiving profit on production and sale of goods and services. The main
difference of SEC from commercial corporations is that the got profit is
reinvested for realization of the social, economic or cultural targets of the
population of that region in which interests of SEC were created [2].
With adoption of law
of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About the state property", one SEC in each region of Kazakhstan
was established, so
today in Kazakhstan 16 social and enterprise corporations have been created: SEC "Astana", SEC
"Aktobe", SEC "Almaty", SEC "Atyrau", SEC
"Baikonur", SEC "Ertis", SEC "Esil", SEC "Zhetysu",
SEC "Caspian Sea", SEC "Oral", SEC "Pavlodar", SEC "Saryarka", SEC "Soltustyk",
SEC "Taraz", SEC "Tobol", SEC "Shymkent".
Socio-Entrepreneurial
Corporations are essentially new institute which has
no analogs in world practice of regional planning and management.
On a plan of the
Head of state, each SEC has to become some kind of regional institute of development and can represent the holding company
controlling the state assets in the respective region of the country, and
activity of corporations is directed on attracting new projects, development of the social sphere, small and medium business.
Realization of this idea began with study of the concept and mechanisms of
creation and development of socio-entrepreneurial
corporations. Experience of the American Corporations of economic
development was taken as a basis. However, features of quickly developing Kazakhstan’s economy made an adjustments that led to
creation of some kind of unique model of public corporate structure which contributes to economic and social development of regions [3].
According to the Law
of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About socio-entrepreneurial
corporations ", the socio-entrepreneurial
corporation carries out business activity,
and not less than fifty percent of net profit must be reinvested for
the implementation of social
projects, in the public interest of those regions in which it has been established.
The main objectives
of socio-entrepreneurial corporation are as follows:
- contribution to the
development of business activity in regions and to rising
of investment appeal of domestic producers in the internal and external
markets;
- contribution to the development of competitive productions, including on the basis of
aftertreatment, restructuring of the unprofitable organizations;
- participation in implementation of social projects [4].
The socio-entrepreneurial corporation, for
determination of priority of implementation of social projects of the region, carries out monitoring of requirements of social
development of the region by poll of the population, the analysis of offers of
local executive, local authorities, local governments and non-governmental
organizations.
The socio-entrepreneurial corporation, by the results of the carried-out
monitoring of requirements of social development of the region, annually approves the list of the social projects which will be implemented in the region.
Selection of social
projects to be implemented, is carried out by criteria of the social importance
and priority taking into account features of social and economic development of
the region. In this case, social projects, the implementation of which is not
provided at the expense of the republican and local budgets are selected.
Priority will be
given to social projects in the
field of social welfare, medicine, education, maternal and child welfare,
environment, sports, culture, development of municipal infrastructure in the
regions.
Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, local executive, local
authorities, local governments and non-governmental organizations have
the right to take the initiative on
implementation of social projects in the region where it
is created and carries out the
activity.
The socio-entrepreneurial corporation must take into account their own financial capacity at the annual selection of social projects to be
implemented [5].
The mechanism of development of socio-entrepreneurial
corporation is available on the example of SEC "Astana",
which is Joint-stock company and regional institute of
development which only shareholder is the akimat of Astana. Activity of JSC SEC
Astana aims to promote the development of the capital on the basis of public -
private partnership.
From the main
objectives of this SEC, it
is possible to note development of business activity and rising of investment
appeal of domestic producers, ensuring food security of the city, support and
stimulation of development of small and medium business.
At the same time, SEC
seeks for rising of a qualitative standard of living of the population through
implementation of socially significant projects and projects of small and
medium business in the sphere of rendering services, risings of competitiveness
of the productions including framed on the basis of restructuring of the
unprofitable organizations and also to creation of effective and demanded
productions on the basis of the assets which are available and transferred the
companies.
The businessman needs to visit the official site of SEC for receiving support of SEC and treating of projects, to
download a sample of the letter of the demand and questionnaire which is filled
in on a declarative basis, and come to further treating with these two
documents.
Nowadays, support of SEC was got by projects on production of
vegetables, in particular potatoes to 2500 tons and a feeding complex with the
maintenance of 800 heads of cattle. The multipurpose storage by power to 8
thousand tons of storage of vegetable and grocery production has already started, and also the vegetable storehouse power
of 5 thousand tons with shop on processing of production is under construction.
In addition, implementation of the social project "the automated payment of
journey in public transport "Electron ticket" is conducted. The
project supposes equipment of all buses with
electron validators - about 950 buses for non-cash service
of passengers. Today, very
important and large-scale social project is "The industrial combine of a
social delivery" which aims at the organization of hot meals in school and preschool institutions of the
capital. SEC found the interested
European investors with whom the investment agreement was signed. It is supposed that the industrial combine of a social delivery
will let out 100 thousand portions per day. The important point is a
three-level sanitary protection: production will pass a cleansing at an
entrance, at preparation and an exit for the consumer. All chains of
preparation conform to the international standards [6].
Thus, the socio-entrepreneurial corporations, as
the new instrument of regional development, will turn into a major employers and "engines" of social-conomic development of the country.
Literature
1. Кадол Н.Ф. Социальное
предпринимательство в рыночной и переходной экономике. Диссертационная работа
на степень к. э. н. — Москва,
2009.-183 с.
2. http://www.spk-soltustik.kz/president.
3. Послание Президента
Республики Казахстан Н.Назарбаева народу Казахстана «Стратегия вхождения
Казахстана в число 50-ти наиболее конкурентоспособных стран мира. Казахстан на
пороге нового рывка вперёд в своём развитии».- Март 2006.
4. Закон Республики Казахстан "О cоциально-предпринимательских
корпорациях" от 30 июня 2008 года N 660.
5.
http://ru.government.kz.
6. Оффицальный сайт СПК «Astana» - http://astana-spk.kz/.