Филологические науки/1. Методика преподавания языка и литературы

Turebekova R.S.

Каzakh national university of the name al-Farabi, Kazakhstan

About forms of speech activity on the lessons of Russian

The study of scientific style program of discipline "Professionally-oriented Russian language" in the first courses of the Kazakh offices of all faculties of the University begins with a study of concepts such as language and speech, types and forms of speech activity, types of text. Speech activity in terms of encoding / decoding information includes four main aspects, which are called forms of language skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Speaking - this voice sending acoustic signals carrying information. Hearing (or listening) - perception of speech acoustic signals and their understanding. Letter - encryption of voice signals using graphic symbols. Reading - deciphering graphic signs and understanding their values. Mechanisms of encoding information act in speaking and writing, decoding mechanisms - at the hearing and reading. When speaking and hearing person operates acoustic signals, writing and reading - graphic signs. When we speak or write, we draw up the idea in a word or phrase. When we hear or read, try to understand the content of another statement. In the implementation of each of the types of speech activity, we always have a specific purpose - to communicate something, get information, advice, persuade, and so on. Speaking and listening constitute a form of speech activity as speaking and writing and reading are written speech.

Spoken and writing language closely constrained inter se, but each of them has a row of features. Knowledge of these features need to the students for acquisition of practical skills in the use of rich of Russian. With the differences of the spoken and writing language students meet already on the first employment of practical course on Russian. Theme of lesson "Language and speech" give to them an idea about kinds and forms of speech activity, determines their differences, connection and interdependence.

All life of student passes in the atmosphere of living verbal word. Therefore perfection of the spoken language becomes an important moment. Expressiveness of the spoken language is helped by tone, rhythm, temp. The spoken language the simplified phrases are peculiar to. These features of the spoken language explain that sometimes at a record convincing speech becomes inexpressive. There are psychological differences of speech verbal from writing. A lecturer calls to the audience directly, he sees and feels the reaction of listeners. He answers the questions of listeners and can bring in speech monologue elements of dialogue. He can watch the reaction of listeners if necessary to amend in the text, to use other examples.

The spoken language disposes the stylistic devices that in writing speech occupy a second-rate place: rhetorical question, pause et cetera. Amendments are unpossible in the spoken language. If writing speech can be several times edited, correct, the spoken language is pronounced only one time, she does not stand amendments. Amendments deprive the spoken language of smoothness, wholeness and persuasiveness.

Who is able exactly and logically to express the ideas in oral, that shows this ability and in speech writing. Preparation to the spoken and writing language requires some general moments: draftings of plan of verbal performance or composition, article; treatments of material that is used in speech or article. Drafting of working records before a verbal performance includes the elements of preparation to writing speech. When we work with students on development of the spoken language, we simultaneously work and on the culture of his writing word - speech of student is single.

Development of the spoken and writing language is the whole system of set tasks, based on the study of grammar, reading of fiction, that we take away for scopes audience time. At reading and study of fiction speech of students is enriched, they master facilities of expressiveness, emotionality.

Successes with a capture depend the culture of writing speech on ability to hear speech and it, and speech other. This ability is acquired on employments in connection with the study of grammar and in connection with the study of fiction. And the expressive reading becomes an important task. It can serve as the method of validating of phrases. In development of general culture of students and their speech an enormous role is played by reading of fiction. All complex of facilities helps to teach the students of the correct spoken language a teacher is both grammar and literary work of classics, and living colloquial speech.

The considered kinds and forms of speech activity make basis of process of speech communication. As far as for a man skills of these kinds and forms of speech activity are formed efficiency of speech communication depends. On the lessons of Russian students show large zeal in the capture of skills of speech activity, and - and in the increase of level of the Russian language proficiency on the whole.