Филологические науки/Синтаксис: структура, семантика, структура

К.ф.н., доцент Сәмәмбет М. Қ.

Костанайский государственный университет им. А. Байтурсынова, Казахстан

Dependence of expressiveness and stylistic coloring of a noun of a situational uniqueness on its semantic filling

The stylistics investigate not only the elements of language, but their expressive potential, i.e. stylistic function.

The question of stylistic function of a noun at the level of morphology in this or that statement is raised in grammar. There is a number of works where this question is considered in details by I. V. Arnold, V. V. Vinogradov, I. R. Galperin and others. Stylistic resources of morphology is still being investigated not so much. Stylistic functions of a noun are considered in literature in connection with an article, category of number (1), and others.

The research of expressive potential of the nouns used in a form of plural, unusual to them, will be carried out on the basis of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" by Ambrose Bierce" (3).

In this article expressive opportunities, operating conditions and structures of the nouns used in unusual grammatical meanings with unusual subject correlation are being investigated. A transposition, due to I. V. Arnold’s definition, “the use of nouns in unusual grammatical meanings with unusual subject correlation where there is a violation typically grammatical in the communications gives the author the chance to express emotions and the relation to a subject of the speech.” (2)

The meaning of a word is lexical (the subject and material contents) and grammatical (value inherent in grammatical classes and categories).

"He gave the struggle his attention, as an idler might observe the feet of the juggler, without interest in the outcome" (3,14) indicates the words "struggle", "idler", "juggler" in the offer of the designated subject and bears information on number of the described subjects. At the change of a grammatical form the grammatical meaning changes, but lexical remains invariable. At relative independence both values are connected among themselves and, mutually caused. The lexical meaning represents difficult structure, and its denotative aspect makes a basis of dictionary definitions of the explanatory dictionaries and the communication possible.

"Encompassed in a luminous cloud, of which he was now merely the fiery heart, without material substance, he swung through unthinkable arcs of oscillation, like a vas pendulum." (3,13) B modern English the word "a vast pendulum" means "the pendulum, alternation of the political parties which are in power, punishment, a penalty, a penalty, a special envelope for government correspondence," contains denotative information but in the stylistic relation it is neutral. Neutral words for the stylistic purposes as M. M. Bakhtin noted, "… in artistic speech gains new qualities, earlier not inherent in it: with the ability to be in the semantic relations with distance located units, at the same time to realize not one, some values to borrow emotionally estimated components from the syntactic structure and a direct lexical environment". (4)

As for other component of lexical value - connotive aspect, E. G. Belyavskaya defines "… reflected by the word, information, additional in relation to material contents of the word, about the relation speaking to the designated subject or the phenomenon". (5)

The connotative aspect is an emotiveness, estimation and expressivity.

Having analyzed the nouns of the situational uniqueness an emotive component of connotative value can be recognized in nouns. The emotiveness as a component of a connotation represents information on the emotional relation to the designated subject or the phenomenon fixed in value, i.e. "information on the designated subject and emotional perception of this subject". (5)

Emotive component of connotative value of a noun of situational uniqueness in ”A whiz and rattle of grapeshot the branches high above the among his head roused him from his dream", where a dictionary definition of "whiz" - "whistle", and colloquial "fine fellow" and "something remarkable" in singular is presented as the American slang.

As a component of a connotation it is difficult to differentiate the estimation with an emotiveness, they are interconnected. Stylistically the marked lexicon contains the mixed components of connotative value. The stylistic component of connotative value is inherent in words which have a neutral synonym.

Stylistically neutral out of a context develop stylistic connotations only thanks to an unusual morphological form and an external context.

For example: "Keen, poignant agonies seemed to shoot from his neck downward through every fiber of his body and limbs." (3,13)

The immediate environment in the above offer also possesses a stylistic component of connotative value. And the words possessing emotional, estimated stylistically more than others are predisposed with components of connotative value to development of strong expressional connotations, that is are nigerentny. Emotional, estimated, stylistic components of connotative value with an unusual grammatical form give to the statement expressiveness and height.

The structure of a contradiction can be various. Some units with a usual positive assessment which is realized in their semantic structure can act as a contradiction. For example:

"The water, touched to gold by the early sun, brooding mists under the banks at some distance down the stream, fort, soldiers, piece of drift-all had distracted him. And now he became conscious of a new disturbance. Striking through the thought of his dear ones was a sound which he could neither ignore nor understand, sharp, distinct, metallic percussion like the stroke of a blacksmith’s hammer upon the anvil; it had the same ringing quality." (3,11)

From everything stated it is possible to draw the following conclusions that nouns at the use in an unusual grammatical form develops so strong expressional connotations that not only the microcontext, but also a macrocontext gets stylistic coloring. Literature

1. E.M.Gordon The use of articles in Modern English-M., 2002, 160 p.

2. I. V. Arnold Stilistics of contemporary English, - M., 2009,384 p.

3. Great Short Short Stories (Quick Reads by GreatbWriter) of editied by Paul Negri, Dover Publications, INC, Mineola, New York, 193 p.

4. M. M. Bakhtin Esthetics of verbal creativity of M., 1979, 423p.

5. E.G. Belyavskaya Semantics of the word, M., 1987, pp 49-50