Ecology

HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF LABOR DENTISTS THEIR HEALTH STATUS

Toguzbayeva K.K., Bekmagambetova Z.D., Karakushikova A.S., Dzhumasheva R.T., Kaynarbaeva M.S., Madigulov A.R., Niyazbekova L.S., Seyduanova L.B., Saylybekova A.K., Nurshabekova A.B.

Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU) named after S.D. Asfendiyarov

Course of Occupational Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Comparison of data on the incidence of dental two specialty - therapists and orthopedists - revealed no fundamental differences. However, attention is drawn to the higher incidence of orthopedic diseases of the digestive system (14.1% compared with 3.5% for physicians), and radiculitis (46% more than the therapists). This may explain the more adverse conditions of nutrition orthopedic during working hours and higher specific gravity of orthopedists in the standing position. The main adverse occupational factors dentists are emotionally stressful nature of work at high production load, forced working posture, lack of proper working conditions, lack of rest.

Keywords: occupational health, dentistry, disease, occupational factors.

II. Introduction. Issues of morbidity and health dentists studied extremely inadequate [1]. The literature contains only information about the presence of adverse factors of professional work of the dentist, which covers a forced working posture, the effect of drugs used, transmission of infection from the patient. There is also information about the high morbidity and mortality of dentists [2, 3, 4].

II. Formulation of the problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of work on the dentists and to develop recommendations to improve the organization and effectiveness of their work.

In this regard, were investigated:

a) the dynamics and the degree of fatigue that develops in the body of dentists under the influence of work and b) the costs of working time of dentists to determine the production load, the degree of rhythmicity and reserves of working time, the proportion of time for rest and food, and c) social factors, affecting health and performance (through questionnaires) and d) incidence with temporary disability (by analyzing the sick and the survey items). Based on these studies, develop recommendations for work and rest to prevent fatigue, a condition for optimal efficiency, increase work efficiency and reducing morbidity.

All studies were conducted in dental clinics in Almaty. chronometer and physiological studies were carried out by conventional methods.

III. Results. On the basis of psychophysiological research work of dentists is characterized as stressful, mentally and emotional with a strong statistical exercise. This conclusion is based on the following:

1. Changes in functional performance of dentists in the body during the day to reveal the dynamics of fatigue in major physiological systems. Thus, the least expression was weary of the central nervous system (CNS), the average degree - the cardiovascular system (CVS), and relatively deeper-musculoskeletal;

2. The high emotional intensity of work demonstrates the rise under the influence of blood pressure by an average of 7,4%, the working, the pulse rate is relatively high (in 3,3-5,9% higher than in stable working condition), the presence of 70.5% of dentists questionnaire method of constant nervous tension and 70% of negative emotions that accompany the labor process;

3. A physical component in the work supported by the appearance of pronounced fatigue in the muscle: on average, under the influence of dentists - physicians by the end of the day endurance decreased by 83% of muscle strength - at 75 and 3.9%. Coordination in those two specialties on average decreased by 78%;

4. Subjective fatigue was a common trend with fatigue, deepened by the end of the day. It is very important that 6% of internists and 14% of orthopedic surgeons found fatigue in the working time which indicates that residual fatigue, about the lack of rest.

The study of working time showed a high density of the working day of dentists: a productive time is 94.5% of internists and 93.4% for orthopedic surgeons. Time to relax (0.08%) and food intake (0.40%) is virtually absent. The manufacturing process is different. Identified reserves of time due to forced outages (5.2%) and work with documents (4.3%).

A questionnaire showed that 53.4% of respondents noted an irregularity power 12.4% use food only 2 times a day, 83.1% do not have a fixed lunch break.

Morbidity with temporary disability of dentists is relatively high and has the following characteristics: an average of 94.4 per 100 workers case and 1048.9 day of disability for the duration of a single case of 11.9 days, these figures exceed the incidence rates of individual professional groups engaged in mental physical labor, the largest share belonged to respiratory diseases 50% of all diseases, then diseases of circulatory system (16,4%), nervous system (10%), digestive (3.4%), gynecological disease (4.7%).

IV. Conclusions. Thus, all the above allows to generate recommendations for improvement of work of dentists. To this end, introduce the following optimal work and rest:

a) every 1 ½ -2 hours of work to introduce 5-10 minute rest breaks in a working room ventilation, preferably with a production gymnastics;

b) in the middle of the day to arrange meals dentists, preferably hot, including diet;

c) in dental clinics to arrange a room for rest and relaxation, listening to relaxing classical music for the removal of the neuro-emotional stress.

Literature

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2. А.М. Вартиковский. - Стоматология, 1993, №2,с 83-84.

3. Г.Н. Иващенко, Г.В.- Стоматология, 1993,№ 2,с 84-89.

4. Schobel R. Stomat. DDR.1994.Bd 24. Р 845-849.