Филологические науки/9. Этно-, социо- и психолингвистика

Nalibaev A.Z., a candidate of philological sciences

SKTTU, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

LIBYAN HISTORICAL PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

One of the biggest events of the medieval Libya and all Maghreb was famous Hilal invasion. Fatimid rulers who settled in Egypt, wishing to strengthen their shaky position in the North Africa, sent warlike Arab tribe Banu Hilal there against his former governorship [1, 174-175]. Their leader was Abu Zeid Al-Hilali. Until now, a tremendous amount of work on Arab folk epic” The History of Banu Hilal” is very popular in the Arab world. The epic story of 38 volumes is the story of the Banu Hilal Arab tribe and its movement to North Africa in the 11th century of our era [2, 23-24]. Newcomers, the Arabs of this tribe managed to establish its almost universal unlimited dominion over Libya. Movement and battles of the Banu Hilal, the popular epic tales were reflected in various genres of folklore of Libya and generated a lot of local proverbs, various idiomatic expressions. Here are some of them:

bu zed saffay rfagt-a [AM-VIII-19].

"Abu Zeid was losing his friends". Folk tales narrated that many friends and associates Zeid died in combat and long-term transitions, i.e. victory went to high price.

lo kan bu zed ammar ammar swani blad-a [AM-VIII-18].

"If Abu Zeid was alive, he would spread his gardens across the country". This saying makes fun of someone who claims to be the case, which he wasn’t able to perform, and criticize those who demonstrate their capabilities and skills outside of their country, regardless their environment. You can firmly believe that this saying is under a historical basis. It is well known that these nomads of the Banu Hilal not only planted gardens, but on the contrary, their actions resulted in the deaths of many orchards that existed before they occur. When they increased the size of Libya in the nomadic economy, swallowed many areas of settled agriculture and left for farmers and gardeners narrow strip along the coast [3, 24].

bu zed aryan bu sed meksi [AM-VIII-18].

Abu Zeid bare is Abu Zeid dressed, i.e. Abu Zeid doesn’t care if, he has a clothing or not, the saying characterizes a man who does not worry because of the state of his affairs.

sahel ala bu zed gal abat-a [AM-VIII-18].

"Abu Zeid drops abu from his shoulders." The saying is used in two cases: a) when they want to say that it is the easiest to start a business. And the finish is very difficult, and b) when they want to point out anyone’s experience and skill. In reviewing this article, let us dwell on one more particular group of Libyan proverbs and sayings. Their primary sources are the Biblical and Quran stories and images. Many of them are widely distributed in other Arab countries. From the collected materials we give typical examples:

yusef rah u lga-h bu-h [AM-VIII-55].

"Joseph had gone, and his father met him". We are talking about Joseph, beloved son of Jacob by Rachel. Joseph according to the Hebrew historical legends, preserved in the Old Testament, was sold by his brothers into slavery in Egypt, and soon the whole race of Jacob, driven by hunger, moved to this country. "With some modifications the story of Joseph became in the Qur'an" [4, 388].

elli tehsab-a Musa telga-h Fare un [ EP-I-250].

"The one you thought Moses was Pharaoh" This proverb is said about a man who was considered a kind and merciful, and he was really very cruel.

yebbi yaflag el-bhar b аsa [AM –IV-145].

He wants to cut the sea with his staff. So they say about any person either for approval of his praiseworthy act (courage), or to condemn his unworthy actions (bold call) [5, 130-163]. This saying certainly goes back to biblical legends, according to which "the leader of Israel's tribes, Moses (13 century BC) brought them out of Egypt through the parted Red Sea .... Jews, Muslims and Christians consider Moses the prophet" [6, 421].

The following expressions were spread from the biblical creation myths and human. Now they play the role of proverbs and sayings:

rabbi hlag ed-dunya fi sba ayyam [AM - IV-45].

God created the world in seven days. – It is used as a council to do one’s work slowly, safely, to perfection.

en-nsawin min dul a oza [AM-I-92].

Women are made of curved ribs [AM-I-92]. With regard to the history of many centuries of the pre-Arab Libya: from the period of the existence of the Greeks and Phoenicians’ slave colonies to the establishment of the Roman and Byzantine rule, then these centuries in the Arabic literary language, and the Libyan dialect reflected in proverbs and sayings were not found in the sources available to us. Only a few expressions and apt comparisons were found in them, such as:

sibani libda [ AM-VIII-45]. "Grey-haired Libdeh".

sibani gurna [AM-VIII-45]. " Grey-haired Cyrene" - these expressions are used in the sense of "an old man". Libdeh and Cyrene (now Shihata) refer to those ancient cities which were founded by Greek and Phoenician settlers long before our era.

Thus, in the Libyan historical proverbs and sayings many of the events in the history of the country, from the time of its Arabization through the centuries of Ottoman rule to the national liberation struggle of the Libyans against Italian imperialists in the early decades of the 20th century are reflected. These proverbs become another documentary (folklore) confirmation of these events, but at the same time they give us new details and facts about these events and participants of the events. The nature and origin of aphoristic expression of different ages are markedly differentiated. Those that emerged in the early Middle Ages, most of them, date back to the pan-Arab folklore and are associated with the early moments of the pan-Arab history, and in modern times, many proverbs and sayings were born in the land of Libya and talk about own history of the Libyan people, they represent a specific part of Libyan folklore..

In the study of Libyan folklore material, we preceded from the premise that "historicism of folklore is primarily in the people’s historically faithful estimates of various phenomena of life in terms of workers' attitudes " [7, 35]. We know that by studying the book of N. Kostomarov "Rebellion of Stenka Razin" Karl Marx concluded about the Russian masses’ attitude to Razin and his comrades on the basis of historical songs The common people (the Cossacks) sympathized to them. Their deeds were sung in the songs “ [8, 109]. If we talk about the Libyan proverbs and sayings, in which as shown by the analysis, we feel the attitude of Libyan masses of people to various events and figures: the condemnation of Abu Zeid and ruinous invasion of his nomads. Open hostility to the Turkish rulers. Sympathy and liking to heroic fighters against foreign colonizers.

List of Abbreviations

AM-I, Ali Mustafa al-Misrati. Libyan society through the prism of his folk proverbs. Tripoli, Liviya1-st ed. 1962, 2nd ed., 1972 (in Arabic Language) AM-III, Ali Mustafa al-Misrati. Juha in Libya. Tripoli, Libya, 1958 (in Arabic Language)
AM-IV, Ali Mustafa al-Misrati. The influence of the sea and the sailors on the Libyan people's literature - the magazine "Al-Fusul al Arbaa” № 1, Tripoli, Libya, 1978 (in Arabic Language) AM-V, Ali Mustafa al-Misrati. Metonymy in folk literature - the magazine "Al-Fusul al Arba» № 2, Tripoli, Libya, 1978 (in Arabic Language.)

AM-VIII Ali Mustafa al-Misrati. The historical names and events in people's expressions, the magazine "Al-Fusul al Arbaa” № 6, 7, Tripoli, Libya, 1979 (in Arabic Language)

ASh-Ahmed M. Ashiurakis. Libyan proverbs. Tripoli, Libya, 1975. EP- Ester Panetta. Proverbi, modi di dire e indovinelli arabi di Bengasi, - "Rivista degli Studi Orientali", 19, 1941, p. 249-281.

Literature

1. Бодянский В.Л. и Шагаль В.Э. Современная Ливия (справочник ). М., 1965.

2. Крачковский И.Ю. Исторический роман в современной арабской литературе. - “Избранные сочинения”. т. III, М.-Л., 1956.

3. Прошин Н.И. История Ливии (конец ХIХ в. – 1969 г.). М., 1975.

4. БСЭ. Изд. 3-е., т. 10, М., 1972.

5. Ali Mustafa al-Misrati. The influence of the sea and the sailors on the Libyan people's literature - the magazine "Al-Fusul al Arbaa” № 1, Tripoli, Libya, 1978 , (in Arabic Language )

6. БСЭ. Изд. 3-е. т. 16, М., 1974.

7. “Русское народное поэтическое творчество”. Под ред . А.И. Новиковой, изд. 2-е, М., 1978.

8. К. Маркс. Стенька Разин. - ”Молодая Гвардия”, № 1, М., 1926.

Summary

The article deals with Libyan Folk proverbs and sayings which refer to the

epoch of Hillal invasion and are the reflection of the greatest events in the history of Libya.