“Экономические науки”/13.Региональная экономика

IBBS 67.08 Isakova Lyudmyla

Second year student

Economic Science Faculty

Specialization: Finance and Credit with the knowledge of English

Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University

Tutor: Associate Professor of the Department of Professional English Education Khmyzova O.V.

ECONOMIC EXPEDIENCY ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE RECYCLING IN UKRAINE

Actuality

Nowadays the world economy depends on the ecological situation influence. Its results can lead to the possible destruction in the future.

Connection with scientific research

Interaction mechanisms between the economic system and environment problems and tools of ecological and economic regulation (N. Abramov, E.Vasilyeva).

Problems of secondary resources usage in economic activities (V.Denisov, A.Grechko, M.Tatarnikova).

Possible ways to increase the efficiency of solid waste disposal (I.Abalkyna, V.Smetanin).

Goal is to analyze and find out the peculiarities of household waste recycling in Ukraine and their influence on the global economy.

Task of the article is to determine the possible benefits of the household waste recycling in Ukraine and to describe the economic expediency and relevance through the world experience's comparing.

The improving of productive forces and trade relations lead to the accumulation of production waste. A significant part of goods that are produced in the whole world is useless and short-term usage.

The problem of waste accumulation can lead to the diseases and epidemics. At the same time, a waste is the potential source of energy. For the analysis of solid waste disposal problem it is necessary to generalize the experience of various waste processing enterprises, foreign practice, the specificity of this sector in Ukraine. Every citizen of Ukraine annually creates 200-250 kg of solid waste, a resident of the city - 330-380 kg [1].

The problem of waste recycling has become more actual since the second half of 20 century. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an example of deposits of plastic and other wastes. It is a gyre of marine debris in the central North Pacific Ocean. But the global ecological and economic situation can be solved through the providing and applying of new waste recycling methods. The problem of industrial waste processing is relevant to all countries, including Ukraine, because of the need to reduce waste disposal. There are many reasons that led to the existence of the problem: the lack of land areas, transportation costs, and environmental hazards [3].

The prospects for waste recycling development are analyzed through such elements as environmental safety and economic expediency. Additional products, increasing goods quality and enterprise profit can be obtained through the recycling industry development. If to compare economic benefits from the waste paper recycling, it is necessary to say that more than 25 thousand school notebooks can be produced from 1 ton of waste paper. Also the quantity of goods produced from 60 kg of waste paper is equal to goods produced from one tree. Moreover, the production of paper is water-and energy-consuming. 1 ton of recycled paper saves 1,000 kW / h of electricity and 200 cubic meters of water [1].

State legislation should provide guarantees and conditions for the development of waste recycling branches. The main tasks of waste legislation in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Waste” (March 1998, №187/98-VR), is to ensure a minimum waste creation, expanding of its usage in economic activities, the prevention from the harmful effects of waste on the environment and person health [2]. The Law of Ukraine “On Waste” defines legal, organizational and economic principles of activity connected with prevention or reduction of volumes of waste, their gathering, transportation, storage, processing, utilization and removal, making harmless and burial, as well as prevention of negative influence of waste on the environment and human health on the territory of Ukraine. The main principles of the state policy in the field of waste management is a priority protection of the environment and human health from the adverse effects of waste, ensure the rational use of raw material and energy resources, science-based coordination of ecological, economic and social interests of the public in relation to education and the use of waste in order to ensure its sustainable development [4]. According to the report of Ukrainian Ecological Resources, nowadays there are only 4 incineration plants located in Ukraine, but just one of them works correctly [6]. Also the report says that only 5% of waste is recycled and secondarily uses in Ukraine  [6].

There is urgent need of the fundamental improvement in the sphere of household waste recycling. Comparing with the experience of Europe, such items as packaging paper, paper products and newspapers are made fully from recycled paper and recycled materials. Also the European level of waste recycling secondary usage is more than  50% [1].

It is necessary to analyze the foreign practice for the improvement of Ukrainian waste recycling policy. Nowadays according to the legislation of Japan, about 45% of all waste is recycled, 37% is burned. 18% of all waste is transported to the landfill, but Japanese government tries to do this number tending to zero. In accordance with current legislation, waste disposal in Japan is a well-coordinated process in which there are three members of the successful cooperation: consumers, businesses and government agencies. As a result, Japan is one of the most "clean" countries in the world. Also there was created a strong taxation policy, in accordance to which citizens must pay for disposable bags. Thus the number of people who do not use disposable bags is about  60% [5]. Sweden, as a representative of European country, has quite different situation in question about waste disposal approach. Today more than 80% of all Sweden household waste is processed. Approximately 18% of the remaining garbage is burned. Also only 2% of waste is transported to the landfill (but not on the territory of Sweden). The system of so-called deposits is widely used in Sweden. It means that the price of products includes the cost of its disposal. Therefore it is accepted not to throw plastic and glass bottles or packaging, because they can be taken to a collection point, and in this way customers can compensate their spent money. Garbage removal, disposal or its storage are controlled on the government level of responsibility. There is taxation on illegal export of waste.

So, the most important benefit of the household waste recycling is a saving of costs and energy. Thus, the relevance is based on environmental safety and improving of productive forces.

Reference

1. Пика Анастасия. Переработка мусора в Украине: миф или реальность?/Анастасия Пика. - Forum, 2013: http://for-ua.com/analytics/2013/07/18/080049.html.

2. Закон України «Про відходи»// «Відомості Верховної Ради України». —1998. – 25 вересня: http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/187/98-%D0%B2%D1%80.

3. Ветрова Татьяна. Эффективность утилизации твердых бытовых отходов/08.00.19: Москва, 2000 153 c. РГБ ОД, 61:01-8/889-8/Татьяна Ветрова http://www.dslib.net/oxrana-sredy/jeffektivnost-utilizacii-tverdyh-bytovyh-othodov.html

4. Закон Украины «Об отходах».//[Електронный ресурс].— Режим доступа: http://inflow.spravka.ua/articles/zakon-ukrainy-ob-othodah/2858.html

5. УралВторРесурс./Опыт утилизации отходов за рубежом и в России// [Електронный ресурс].— Режим доступа: http://urvtor.ru/content/experience

6. УкрЕкоРесурси./Цели и задачи//[Електронный ресурс].— Режим доступа: http://uecr.gov.ua/en/