Bayakhmetova Aisulu Akhmetbekovna
The Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor of
Languages and Literature Theory
Kostanay Akhmet Baitursynov State University,
Kostanai, Kazakhstan
STYLISTIC MARKING OF DERIVATIVES AS A RESULT OF
VALENCY OF FORMANTS –ОК AND – ЕЦ
The main function of language is
communicative function. It is known that the suffix method is one of productive
ways of word formation in Russian, shows high degree of efficiency in creation
of words of different stylistic accessory. In this article there is an attempt
to consider a stylistic marking of derivatives as a result of the valence of
formant -ок and -ец.
In the
speech we use language means taking into account their functional features and
stylistic accessory. For the modern Russian literary language is significantly
primarily the distribution of language means in three main spheres of its application.
This is a spoken language, art speech and speech, including such functionally
vocal styles as official, scientific, publicistic in all their diversity is
manifested in them genres. ″There are the following functional
styles of spoken, scientific, official, publicistic, each of them is
characterized by the leading stylistic features, which are manifest both in
contents and in the selection of language means. Secrete style of fiction
(art)″, - notes N.A. Ippolitov [1, pp. 80].
For
derivatives with suffixes -ок and -ец use in the
scientific, official business, journalistic styles - down phenomenon. The
broadest use of analyzed derivatives on -ок and -ец is observed in
artistic and informal conversation, often in emotive speech. "Undoubtedly, the question of stylistic characteristics of
the word could not remain without attention of linguists, describing the
emotional lexicon, because it is obvious that the words possessing pronounced
emotional characteristics, most often are belonging to quite certain functional
styles of language – usually it is colloquial words, poetic, abusive, etc.,
″ – Myagkova writes [2, page 19].
In artistic speech derivatives with the suffix
-ок and -ец carry out informative and
esthetic function. "A literary text, like any other type of art, has an
absolute anthropocentric character, because a man with his rich inner world is
the center of a work of fiction, in the connection with it, the main feature of
any literary text is that it contains a complex world of senses, interests the
reader by the sense of beauty and magniloquence "- said LG Babenko [3,
p.102 ] .
А work of fiction – is an emotional
understanding of the world and a figurative perception for influencing our
feelings . A wide valence of suffixes --ок and -ец allows to
form word-formative variants which have certain functional- stylistic tightness
. The Russian word formation differs flexibility, richness of the
word-formation resources possessing bright stylistic coloring. One derivatives with formant -ок , -ец are perceived as book (холодок, затылок, окурок, хлебец, заводец, продавец
etc.), others – as colloquial (дурачок, выродок, чудок, тупоумец, мерзавец
etc.). ″All variety of values, functions and semantic
nuances of the word concentrates and unites in its stylistic characteristic
″, – V. V. Vinogradov writes [4, page 26].
The analysis of
combined opportunities of derivatives with a suffix -ок and -ец reveals a stylistic
markirovannost of words or lack of functional and style fixedness. D. N.
Shmelyov considers, and we share this point of view that: ″ … there is a
number of words stylistically painted, possessing a certain stylistic
importance ″ [5, page 151]. So, derivative мерзавец, подлец not only express
the negative attitude towards the called person, but also signal about the
reduced style of the speech. It can be
observed in the speech of various characters. For example:
- Я
к вам лез? Ах, мерзавец! А вы небось
не скажете! Я бы его… (И.Гончаров. Обыкновенная история).
- На
свои кровные выучил, воспитал!… Подлец
ты, сучий сын!… (М.Шолохов. Донские рассказы).
Derivatives of lexico-semantic group ″конкретный предмет″, ″живое существо″,
″лицо″, ″место″, ″количество″,
″абстрактное понятие″ are widely used in artistic speech. The context helps
to define that derivatives with a formant -ок and -ец are used for designation of a psychological
state; they help to define and call a condition of the heroes, reality
surrounding them, for example:
- Разберемся, милок, - бросил Федор и, покачивая широкой спиной, ушел. (А.
Иванов. Вечный зов).
- Милый ты мой! Да какой же ты молодец стал! Какой красавец!
(В. Каверин.
Два капитана).
In works of art there are a lot of
the speech means recreating different manifestations of sensory perception
(sound, light):
В это время,
как она выходила из гостиной, в передней послышался звонок. (Л. Толстой. Анна Каренина). Чтобы не мерзли
колени, подложил Петька под ноги полу зипуна, прилёг поудобнее, а из-за плетня
простуженный голосок:
- Музыку слушаешь, паренёк? Музыка
занятная… (М. Шолохов. Донские рассказы).
Наконец и это
сияние померкло и только невысоко над землёй, в том месте, где закатилось
солнце, осталась неясная длинная розовая полоска, незаметно переходившая
наверху в нежный голубоватый оттенок вечернего
неба, а внизу в тяжелую сизоватую мглу, подымавшуюся от земли. (А. Куприн. Одиночество). Григорий
раскрытым ртом жадно хлебал воздух, от смуглых щёк его отходил чёрный румянец, и потускневшие глаза обретали
слабый блеск. (М. Шолохов. Тихий Дон).
Literature fiction style is supposed
to use different stylistic devices and expressive means. From our point of view, it results in creating
stylistic contexts which are necessary to express one or another author’s idea.
Thus,
a word-formative type of names with derivational suffixes -ок and -ец is diverse, vivid, rich and widespread in literary language. Informal vocabulary, as a rule, is used for natural
conversation and its main characteristics are activity and contrast to a
bookish style, e.g. дедок, милок,
мерзавец, поганец.
- Мы –
красные, дедок… Ты нас не бойся, -
миролюбиво просипел атаман.
(М. Шолохов.
Донские рассказы).
- Иди! За автолавку. Нашёл я её, милок, в Громотушкиных кустах… Жаль,
что обчистить успели. (А. Иванов. Вечный зов).
-Экой мерзавец! Неблагодарный! .. Принимай их
после этого в порядочный дом! (М. Лермонтов. Герой нашего времени).
-Ты что ж
это, поганец, деду грозишь? (М. Шолохов. Донские рассказы).
Informal style is used in spontaneous
communication mostly by addressee. The main field of its use is predominantly
literature fiction.
-
Мне бы, дяденька, только разок стрельнуть,
- сказал Ваня, жадно поглядев на автоматы, покачивающиеся на своих ремнях от
беспрестанной пушечной пальбы. (В. Катаев. Сын полка).
-
Эх, братец, как покутили! Теперь
даже, как вспомнишь… Чёрт возьми! То есть как жаль, что ты не был. (Н. Гоголь. Мёртвые души).
The elements of colloquial style in
literature are the examples of expression, e. g.:
- Как
же об ней не думать? А они и проведывать не приходят? Хучь на чудок. Нет. (М. Шолохов. Тихий Дон).
-
Полежи ишо чудок…Полежи… (М.
Шолохов. Тихий Дон).
The replacement of the literary form чуток provides the
essential effect for the author, this form stresses the simplicity of
character's speech.
- Вот квасок, попыривает в носок!
Вот кипит, да некому пить! (И. Бунин. Капитал). The
author tried to convey the mood of the characters. In fair sketch there is a
live conversation – the bargaining of two men who it is cheerful, with
humourous catchphrases offer the goods, and cheapening to these goods of the
buyer. The author uses words квасок, носок, which to some extent help to open national characters
– cheerful recklessness of one and efficiency, thoroughness of another.
Thus, the analysis of the texts of artistic texts allows to draw a
conclusion output that the stylistic markedness of derivatives with suffixes -ок and -ец as a result of the valence can be provided more in art and speech
style.
Literature:
1.
Ippolitova N. A. Russian and the standard of the speech in questions and
responses. The textbook for higher education. - M.: Prospectus, 2006. - 344с.
2.
Myagkova. An emotional loading of the word: the experience of the
psycholinguistic research. - Voronezh: Publishing house of the Voronezh
university, 1990. - 106с.
3. Babenko L.G. Lexical means of the designation of emotions
in Russian. - Sverdlovsk: Publishing house of the Ural GU, 1989. – 182 pages.
4.
Vinogradov V. V. Russian. - M.: The higher school, 1986. – 639 pages.
5.
Shmelyov D. N. The modern Russian. Lexicon. - M.: Education, 1977. - 334
pages.