Technical sciences /5. Energy

Ph.D. Gluchshenko T.I.

Kostanay State University A. Baytursinov, Kazakhstan

Renewable energy resources

Kazakhstan's energy sector consumes a significant amount of primary energy resources, mainly in the form of coal, causing significant environmental pollution, including greenhouse gases. 88 % of generating capacities in Kazakhstan consists of the coal thermal power station, located close to industrial centers and cities. With legacy systems flue gas cleaning these enterprises generate significant pollution of the atmosphere of cities. [1]

Despite ongoing modernization, the problem of ageing of funds stations remains relevant. Therefore, the growth of electricity consumption is accompanied by a gradual increase in selling tariffs for power plants.

The possibility of obtaining significant investment resources through their «forced» inclusion in tariffs for final consumers releases the power industry enterprises of the necessity to search for potential investors, reduces the requirements to selection of efficient projects. In addition, funding for the electricity industry through tariffs shifts the entire investment risk on electricity consumers, reduces their own capacities for production modernization, which is not conducive to energy conservation.

Adverse trends in significant moral and physical deterioration of the equipment of the power system, changing patterns of consumption, the lack of energy-saving technologies, pollution of the environment - all this testifies to the layering of complex problems in the activities of the energy complex.

More than half of all electric networks virtually no income from the transfer of the electric power necessary for its operation, but requires obligatory maintenance.

Depreciation of the assets, shows the feasibility to invest significant funds in the implementation of plans to improve the reliability and efficiency of energy, including reconstruction with replacement of a number of types of equipment.

Furthermore, there is no regional interest in the development of its own sources of energy.
According to the laws of energy security 25-30 % of energy should come from independent sources of energy to ensure the survivability of the system power supply.

Under the survivability of the system of electric power industry understand the array of factors: concentration of capacities, energy, communications, power reserves, communication reserves, hardware inventory, system availability, system reliability, technical level of the equipment, depreciation of assets, the ability to recover the power supply, the monopolization of the electricity supply, financial condition.

Kazakhstan is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in Central Asia.
Per capita in Kazakhstan is made greenhouse gas emissions of about 16 tons per year, which is an extremely high figure.

Kazakhstan's energy sector consumes a significant amount of primary energy resources, mainly in the form of coal, causing significant environmental pollution, including greenhouse gases (GHG). 88 % of the generation capacity in Kazakhstan is made up coal thermal power station. With legacy systems flue gas cleaning these enterprises generate significant pollution of the atmosphere of cities.

With the growth of the economy and with the increase in demand for electricity and generating capacity tariffs will continue to grow.

Kazakhstan possesses significant resources of renewable energy in the form of hydro, solar, wind and thermal energy, etc. Technical wind energy potential is estimated at 1820, and economic - in 336 billion kW∙h per year, but these resources far not fully used.

The cost of electricity in the supply of energy from a variety of renewable sources is less than the cost of electricity generated traditionally.

Studies have shown that wind energy, especially for remote locations with good wind conditions, could now be an effective source of electrical energy. The advantage of wind power plants is the short construction period compared with hydro or thermal electrical stations.

On the application of solar energy in the Kostanay region indicate the following:
-the average density of solar radiation in clear sky is, 315,9 W/m2 with an overcast sky - 176,4 W/m2 .

Приведенные расчеты показывают возможность применения солнечной энергии для получения электрической энергии, как для автономного потребителя, так и для резервного электроснабжения потребителей.

Total solar radiation (direct and scattered) at the cloudless sky in July is:

- Maximum on a horizontal surface-845 W/m;

- average of 329 W/m;

- Maximum on a vertical surface-784 W/m;

- average - 197 W/m

The calculations show the possibility of the use of solar energy to generate electricity, both for stand-alone consumer, and for the backup power supply to consumers.

Thus, the use of renewable sources of electricity, can partially solve the problem of regional provision of electric energy, increase energy security of the region, provide significant fuel savings, reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere will create organizations and enterprises of small and medium businesses working in the field of low energy.

List of references:

1. Sakenov M. Electricity industry reform. Industry of Kazakhstan. 5-2004. 20-21

2. Mac-Vegh D. Use of solar energy: translation from English. Ed. by V. Таrnishеvskоgо. - M Energoizdat, 1981. page 128-145.