A.U. Bugubaeva
candidate of agricultural
sciences., lecturer, Department of animal production
technology of Kostanay State University by A.
Baitursynov, Kazakhstan
Physical and chemical
characteristics of milk of mares KOSTANAY BREED
Essential
for rearing and breeding of sport horses is milking mares, milk composition, and
its physical and chemical characteristics. The study of the composition of the
milk of mares of different breeds is of great scientific and practical
interest, since on the basis of these data it is possible to assess the animals
and look for ways to increase milk production and milk
quality the main factor of full feeding of young breeder dairy
period is the mother's milk. It is important not only the amount of consumed
milk, but also its quality and composition. Mother's milk provides everything
you need for a growing body foal. Since milk provides young proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, calcium and iron, as well as many other important substances. In
the normal growth of young animals by the standard in horse breeding technique
to months of age, the foal milk period must double its mass , but in practice
this does not always happen that causes the need to study the issue, making it
relevant.
In this
context, our objective was to study the milk yield and quality of milk of mares
Kostanay breed and to identify the factors influencing them .
In 2011-2012, we based stud farm
"Kazakh tulpary" conducted a study on the milk yield and physical -
chemical composition of the milk of mares Kostanay breed. To date, the authors
conducted a lot of research done on milk yield of other breeds of horses (
mares Yakutsk , Kushumsk breed mares type Jabeå and other hybrids ) [1 ] , [2 ]
, [3 ] , [4 ], but the milking mares Kostanay species studied was not .
The object of our study was the
mare Kostanay upland species , dairy which depends on many factors. To study
the characteristics of dairy mares were formed three groups experienced a total
of 30 mares . Studies were conducted in the context of three age groups: 4-6
years old, 7-13 years of from 14 or more years on pure blood 3/4 and 7/8
(Scheme 1).
The
experiment was conducted the content of the mares in the barn for mares. To
obtain more accurate results of the study were created similar conditions and
feeding.
Scheme
1. The structure of the studied population breed mares Kostanay
Table 1 shows the physical
characteristics of milk breed mares Kostanay obtained in laboratory studies on
the basis of an accredited test laboratory at the center of health care
institution "Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Chelyabinsk region
in the town of Troitsk and Trinity, October, Chesmen areas." Milk
composition was investigated by state standards generally accepted in the
attached test . Acidity in accordance with state standard 3624-92 , the mass
fraction of fat - state standard 5867-90 , density - 3625-84 , the mass
fraction of protein - state standard 23327-98 , the mass fraction of moisture -
state standard 3626-73 , the mass fraction of ash - state standard 51463-99 ,
test method, the mass fraction of sugar - state standard 3628-78 , ascorbic
acid - state standard 52690-06 , iron - state standard 30178-96 , phosphorus - state
standard 51458-99 , calcium - state standard 30178-96 , F3 number 8 -F3 on June
12, 2008 "Technical Regulations for Milk and milk products".
Table 1. Physical-chemical
characteristics of milk Kostanay breed mares (n = 30)
|
Physical and chemical
parameters |
Indicator scores |
The values of
the permissible level |
|
acidity,
Ò0 |
9,0±0,09 |
8–12 |
|
density,
kg /m3 |
31,7±0,72 |
10-32 |
|
of
fat, % |
1,8±0,06 |
1,8–1,9 |
|
the mass fraction of protein,
% |
2,1±0,05 |
2,1–2,2 |
|
Mass
fraction of moisture, % |
90,2±0,06 |
90–91 |
|
Ashes,
g/l |
3,1±0,09 |
2,5–4 |
|
the mass fraction of sugar
(lactose), % |
6,0±0,05 |
5,8-6,4 |
|
ÑÎÌÎ,
% |
8,3±0,10 |
7,0–10,0 |
|
ascorbic
acid mg / l |
75,3±1,29 |
55–150 |
|
Iron,
mg / kg |
3,5±0,05 |
3-8 |
|
Phosphorus,
mg / kg |
0,039±0,0064 |
max 0,2 |
|
Calcium,
mg / kg |
0,040±0,003 |
max 0,2 |
The data obtained physical-chemical
parameters of milk breed mares Kostanay the normal physiological range and
allowable values of performance standards (Table
1).
When
considering the possible factors influencing the physical-chemical properties
of milk of mares, we took into account such factors as age pure blood and
mares. Table 2 contains the data showing whether the impact pure blood mares on
the qualitative composition of milk.
