D.e.s Dulambaeva R.T., Abdrakhmanova
G.A.
Kazakh National University named by
Al-Farabi, Kazakhstan
The
technical situation of agriculture in Kazakhstan: problems and solutions.
Nowadays in the republic of Kazakhstan the special priority should be
given to areas of manufacturing of metallurgy, agriculture and transport
vehicles. Thanks to these areas productive sectors of economy of the country
will develop, through which Kazakhstan will increase export potential. As
mentioned by the leader of the nation, the head of the state Nursultan
Nazarbayev ” As we have to pay special
attention to the safety of products, also on agriculture, including livestock,
very important for us to provide villages with modern agriculture machinery and
equipment [1].
Agricultural machinery - one of the most revolutionary inventions of
modern technology. Basic human needs for food always made to develop technique
and technology. Over the last 250 years, an advance in agricultural technology
has changed the nature of work and food production all around the world.
Mechanization of agriculture is special principle of this sphere. The
last years agricultural mechanization of country has many questions, that
cannot find its solution.
These days in Kazakhstan, the need for Technical Park is provided for
40-60 %, operated technic around 80-85 %, their technical level is not
identical to agricultural requirements to breed crops. Instead of these
machines is need to provide with new and modern techniques and expel old from
account technology. Overall, the last years the provision with technic agrarian
sphere much stretched. More precisely detachment of fixed assets relatively
more than the consumption of new, the annual renovation of tractor machines has
decreased from 10 % - 12, 5 % to 1% - 3 % for last 20 years. If it will
continue with this pace, the possibility to upgrade technic stretch for 40-70
years [4].
If we compare to 2000, we can notice the level of equipment
provision declined: tractors and agricultural machinery to 3.5, harvesters to 3.1, plows
to 4,2, combines that collect potatoes to 6,8. In our days an average to one
tractor is 180 hectare, to combine is 340 hectare. Although these tractors and combines should disappear few
years ago, they still do their function. [2]
There are a lot of technic in the world. The huge part of work nowadays
is performed by technic.
The level of technology provision
for every 1000 hectars in the field:
Tractors: in Germany -124, in Holland -91, in the UK – 86,
in France – 85, in Belgium- 82, in Italy -70, in
the Denmark -58, in the USA -35, in Uzbekistan -26, in Belorussia -19, in Ukraine -12, in
Russia -4.
Harvesters collecting grain: in
Sweden-32, in Germany and Holland-22, in Denmark -21, in Belgium -20, in the
United States and France -19, in the UK and
Italy -14, in Belorussia -11, in Ukraine -8, in Uzbekistan -7, in Russia
-5. Field assembled with one harvester: in Sweden -32, in Germany and Holland
-45, in the Denmark -48, in Belgium -50, in France and the US – 53, in the UK
and Italy- 72, in Belorussia-91, in
Ukraine- 125, in Uzbekistan- 7.143, in Russia 200 hectares [2].
In developed countries, as a result of the complete provision of technic grain harvested in 5-10
days, when we all stretched to 30-40
days.
The market of agricultural machinery and equipment in the Republic of
Kazakhstan amounted to 127 billion
tenge, stable rate of inflation of 6.6 Along 90 percent of the demand was
satisfied by a delivery of imported equipment. The level of production of
agricultural machinery exports in 2010 amounted to about 2 million tenge.
Technology Park of tractors in Kazakhstan amounted to 137 thousand.
Units collecting grain harvesters - 91 thousand units, seed machines - 45
thousand units. 2008-2013 the average rate of equipment modernization was 0,8 -
3,2 %, it is obviously by 8-10 % much less. Low level of modernization leads to
rapid aging technology. In Kazakhstan, approximately 85 % of machines used in
spite of the overdue amortization. For example, the life of the harvesters of
8-10 years, but despite to this in our country, 70 % of the combines serve 16
years. Of the entire supported car: 74 % of tractors, combines, collecting
grain 60 %, plows 71 %, must write off [4].
This time because of the shortage of equipment and due to the fact that
many operations of crop are performed not completely, many agro-technical
requirements are not subject to standards. The failure of farming leads to a loss of quality and volume of
products. For example it needs to gather grains in 30 days, by scientific data,
after grains will ripen within 5 days for 5 percent, within 10 days for 20
percent and 30 days for 40 percent grains spoil. Provision agriculture with
necessary equipment will be guarantee of timely assembly of grain.
In agricultural sector of country there are 1500 different types of
technic, machinery, equipment. But in the present day we cannot say how many
and what types of equipment are needed. The main reason is the support of the
state
Financial assistance - grant only enough for seed, fat, herbicides,
lubricants, but there is no money allocated to purchase agro technology. If do
not take urgent measures, we can spoil household product, animal husbandry and
this will lead to the investment crisis. To get out of this situation, we need
to process quarantine price, regulate the quality of products and develop
sphere. In the Republic the production of agro technology not developed, only 1
percent of all domestic appliances, and the remaining 99 imported equipment.
This foreign technology we buy mostly without a system of documents and
guarantees.
To solve these problems, as well as for providing agriculture with
equipment in Kazakhstan has been applied state program for the development of
production machines for 2010-2014.
Target indicators:
1. Increase in gross value added in mechanical engineering by 70% in real terms
compared to 2008.
2. Increased productivity in the construction machinery industry by 2.3 times
in real terms compared to 2008.
3. Ensuring the growth share of domestic production engineering in total
resources industry by 1.5 times compared to 2008 [3].
By 2014 years all of these goals were achieved
Production of agricultural machinery
is a major factor state to ensure product safety of the people. To produce
modern equipment and machines of agricultural sector we need to build a special
relationship with foreign engineering companies, in connection with which it
will be possible to establish joint companies. Upcoming
work - effective and right decisions to key questions. If the mechanization of
agricultural machinery and equipment will find their solutions to the problems
then we will have very effective development program of industry and
innovations.
References:
1. Missive from the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan
Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan. January 17,
2014, http://www.akorda.kz/ru/page/page_215750_poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazakhstan-n-nazarbaeva-narodu-kazakhstana-17-yanvarya-2014-g
2. The Ministry of National Economy
of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Committee of Statistics, Express information
"Gross output of goods (services) of agriculture in the Republic of
Kazakhstan in January-October 2014",
http://stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/homeNumbersAgriculture
3. The program for the development of agriculture in the Republic of
Kazakhstan for 2013-2020 “Agribusiness – 2020”,
http://business.gov.kz/ru/business-support-programs/detail.php?ID=50944
4. The official website of the Ministry of Agriculture,
http://mgov.kz/v-kazahstane-realizuyutsya-37-innovatsion/