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Экономические науки/Государственное регулирование экономики
Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor Mukhtarova K.S.
Candidate of Economic Sciences Ashyrbekova L.Zh
MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE MANAGEMENT
OF THE ECONOMY
In light of the new challenges and
conditions of the role and tasks
of the formation of an effective
public sector, able to become the main force of social and economic development of Kazakhstan. In most developed countries, this sector is an avant-garde element
of the economy in the implementation
of policies aimed at improving
the competitiveness of innovation, technology and production, increasing purchasing power and overall well-being of these countries.
In addition, each state has security needs and
social problems (unemployment, welfare, regulation of prices, and so on. N.)
That the market alone can not cope. Therefore, an important issue for every country,
and Kazakhstan in particular, is an optimal state
regulation of the economy, and
above all - the public sector.
Prospects
for the development of the
public sector in each country bear
the stamp of the state's history. Apparently, on the development of the public sector is greatly affected by
the specific operating conditions of
the fuel and energy sector of each country. In European countries where its own energy resources
a little, governments are forced to take care of the electric
power industry.
The public sector in industrialized
countries are increasingly covering
the work of the social sphere and
services. One of the trends of
technical progress is the
introduction of universal higher education. This idea is already being
tested in Japan and Sweden.
And because the state a lot of the cost of providing universal secondary education, more and more universities will be controlled by the state and financed from the
budget. A similar situation
exists in zdravoohranenii. Most
of the medical
institutions under the jurisdiction of municipalities can compete in volume and level of
services provided to the private
health care organizations.
Analysis
of the experience of other countries shows that the unified approach
in relation to the public sector of
the economy is not. In some
countries, it is very large (Greece,
Italy, France), in the other - almost absent
(Japan, Luxembourg); somewhere concentrated on a small number of economic sectors and industries (the Netherlands), and somewhere along the whole economy (France, Portugal). In some countries it is highly effective (Sweden, France), in
other - less efficient (Belgium, USA); in a number of countries have adopted a unified management system by the public sector (Sweden), and
somewhere in the system works "point"
Management (USA).
Thus, the overall action of specific "national
model", and the main question is
the success of its implementation.
However, certain
general principles and circuits
of the national
models do exist.
The
main principle is that
no government can tolerate a lot, but inefficient and burdensome financially by
the public sector. Or is
ineffective, then its size and
the amount of funding objective should be minimal, or effective, and then its share
in the national economy can be quite
large.
Currently there are three models of the public sector: Western European (Portugal, France and some other countries), North American
(US and Canada) and Asia (Japan and South Korea) [1]. For the Western European model is mainly characterized by a fairly large amount
of highly efficient and generously
funded by the public sector,
which has a very diverse industrial structure; for the North American
- specializing mainly
on purely state functions,
defense and social infrastructure on the
basis of cost-efficient financing system.
Both
models characterized by a
clear distinction between private business and the state. For Asian
models as this
face is blurred, the intertwining interests of the state and the business goes through
their representatives in the government and corporate structures. There is little formal
public sector, which the state has enough tangible
financial and organizational support.
Analysis shows that the industry position of the public sector in different countries although
different, but not as much as his total relative
size. For example, Italy's largest state-owned companies control the ferrous metallurgy, electrical engineering
and shipbuilding industries. In Spain,
the public sector is gradually
increasing in power, and in this area is set strict
state control. In the UK, it
dominates in the coal and nuclear
power in France - in the electric power, aerospace, electronics, chemical industry, metallurgy, automobile
industry.
If
we talk about the general patterns,
it can be stated that the public sector employs most postal services, rail transport, telecommunications and electricity. Even in the
US, he completely dominates the
postal services and is about the fourth part in the rail transport and
power generation.
Thus, energy, transport and communications industry are the priorities
on which the public sector throughout concentrates most attention.
Only with sufficient funding the public sector can become a high-performance segment and technological vanguard of the national economy, and if it short-change finance, it
is quite fast and
low efficiency becomes a burden for the population. In
developed countries, it is understood,
and the government deliberately go
for the implementation of an approach.
References:
1. JM Bayramova
- Regional aspects of the modernization of the national economy
// Proceedings of them. VG Belinsky. 2011. №24.
With 181-187.
2. Nurlanova NK
Priorities of industrial-innovative
modernization and their feasibility in
the economy of Kazakhstan and its regions. http://www.group-global.org/publication/view/7026