Avanesova N.E.
Ph.D., assistant professor of finance and credit
Kharkov State Technical University of Civil
Engineering and Architecture
Kharkov, Ukraine
ECONOMIC SECURITY: CONTEMPORARY REALITIES IN DEFENCE SPHERE OF UKRAINE
Given the scientific and technical, financial and
economic situation of the defence industry, it is clear that the technical
basis of armed forces of Ukraine today and in the future amount of weapons and
equipment that are left in Ukraine after the Soviet collapse. The problem in
organization of their own production, despite its importance and relevance, can
be resolved only after overcoming the economic crisis and a significant
increase in budget funding for procurement of weapon systems and carrying out
research and development work.
The main ways of keeping the
technical basis of armed forces of Ukraine presented in figure 1[6].
Fig. 1 - Main ways of
maintenance design basics of the armed forces Ukraine
In modern conditions of society national security is measured in terms
of non-coercive component of implementation, such as economic, foreign
political, social, and environmental, information security and more. Thus, if
in the first half of the twentieth century dominant public policy was intense
growth of industrial and defence complex, then in the second half of the
twentieth century the top priority is economic security [4]. Change of
priorities in national security due to many reasons (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 - Causes of changes in Ukraine’s national security
priorities
Therefore,
it is advisable to treat national security as the state's ability to respond to
internal and external destabilizing factors, manifested in the form of
economic, social, political, military and other threats, the presence of which
can lead to profound social and economic upheavals and disturbance of
integrity.
The
security of the state in all its formations implemented through appropriate
public funding, based on a set gross domestic product, so the most important
part of it is economic security. It is characterized by such state of the
national economy, which makes it possible to keep stability of internal and
external threats, provides a competitiveness of state and its independence from
the environment and economic well-being of the population. Fig. 3 shows the
main characteristics of economic security of Ukraine.
Fig. 3 - Characteristics of Ukraine’s economic security
In
order to provide reasonable suggestions for implementation of priority measures
to implement the public policy interest in ensuring economic security, it would
be appropriate to monitor key indicators of economic performance (Fig. 4). The
most important is the gross domestic product and balance of payments. All other
indicators are derivatives.
GDP
according to preliminary estimates at 8% in 2009 gives reason to conclude
excessive dependence of economic conditions in the country from external
factors. This is primarily due to the orientation of the Ukrainian economy on
exports. On the one hand, this is a positive aspect, but only with one
important condition: if product intended for export, is competitive. On the
other hand, undeveloped internal market is unable to provide the demand for
domestic products. [3]
Fig. 4 - Indicators of economic performances that are needed
for monitoring
Current
account balance also largely reflects the level of economic security. A
positive value of this index indicates the influx of financial resources to
increase its solvency and reduce dependence on external funding sources and
strengthen the national currency. However, a negative value registered in 2014
[1] at the level - 12.9 billion dollars of USA (7.1% of GDP) led to a drop in
purchasing power of citizens, hryvnia devaluation, reducing gold reserves of NBU, which
generally forms a threat to the national interests of Ukraine and its security.
The
unemployment rate, which according to the ILO methodology is 9.4% (more than 4
million pers.), shows considerable tensions and instability in the country, and
thus the ability to manipulate people to weakening of state control over the
processes taking place in the country .
Therefore,
to ensure a certain level of economic security related to restructuring and
increased competitiveness of the national economy is the main focus of
government policy on national security.
Thus,
in the present realities of society, priority of national security is state's
ability to withstand external and internal destabilizing factors, manifested in
the form of economic upheavals; minimization of dependence on external
conditions by structural adjustment, economic modernization and expansion of
the internal market.
LIST OF REFERENCES
1.
«Авiакон» встановив на вертольоти мiноборони пристрої для захисту вiд
ПЗРК // офіційний сайт ГК "Укроборонпром" від 8 серпня 2014
4.
Закон України «Про оборону України» від 06.12.1991 № 1932-XII
(Редакція станом на 17.05.2014) // Електронний ресурс - http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua
5.
Про основи національної безпеки України від 19.06.2003 №
964-IV Закон України // Електронний ресурс - http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua
6.
Про особливості управління об'єктами державної власності
в оборонно-промисловому комплексі від 16.06.2011 № 3531-VI Закон України // Електронний ресурс - http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua
7.
Lens S. The Military-Industrial Complex. Philadelphia, 1970. P. 145.
8.
Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2013. SIPRIFactSheets. April 2014.