Geography and hydrology / 3. Hydrology and Water Resources

 

K.-agricultural sciences., Yust N. A., k., k. agricultural sciences., Shelkovkina N.S.

Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Russia

The impact of wastewater on the state of

in rivers in Amur oblast

 

Surface water resources of the Amur region is 171 km3 / year. The region takes 2,628 rivers longer than 10 km, including 31 over 200 km and more than 41 thousand rivers and streams up to 10 km. The largest rivers of the region longer than 500 km: the Amur, Zeya, Bureya, Selemdzha, Giluy, Olekma, Nyukzha [1].

Surface water bodies are used mainly for power generation, drinking and industrial water supply, mining, sewage, shipping. The main pollutants fall into rivers of the Amur oblast by means of the wastewater discharge.

Wastewater formed in the Amur oblast, consist of the organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, phosphates, petroleum products, phenols, iron. Structure of sewage pollution degree: Pollution-free cleaning – 2,74 million m3 (10,2%), insufficiently treated – 75,28 million m3 (1,26%), the regulatory net – 0,08 (38,5 %), regulatory peeled – 4,57 million m3 (14,4%) [1].

Dynamics of wastewater discharged into surface water bodies to the degree of contamination So, from 2009 to 2012, the volume of polluted wastewater decreased from 83,45 to 78,02 million m3. (Chart 1).

In terms of the largest number of river basins of wastewater discharged into the river basin. Zeya – 48,9 million m3, where the most concentrated gold mines and industrial centers of the region (gg.Zeya, Szymanowski Free, Belogorsk). Maximum load on the distance from the river. Selemdzha to the mouth, 60% of the wastewater entering the basin. Zeya, accounted for Erkovetsky coal mine.

Chart 1 - Dynamics of wastewater discharged into the river

 

The structure of the wastewater discharged by the degree of purification compared to 2011 is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

 Volumes of wastewater discharged into the river Amur region, million m3

Wastewater

Amur Oblast

Total

2011

84,7

2012

82,66

%

-2,4

Normative net

2011

0,13

2012

0,08

%

-38,5

Regulatory purified

2011

5,34

2012

4,57

%

-4,4

Insufficiently cleaned

2011

76,18

2012

75,28

%

-1,2

Without purification

2011

3,05

2012

2,74

%

-10,2

The volume of discharge of pollutants in the composition of wastewater in 2012 decreased as compared to 2011 by 12,7% and amounted to 9,63 tonnes, taking into account the dry residue – 25,819 tonnes Weight relief within the established standards amounted to 83% of the total discharge of pollutants [2].

Wastewater formed in the Amur region, are formed by organic pollutants matter (BOD), ammonia nitrogen, phosphates, petroleum products, phenols. Heavy metals are typically present in wastewater within the standards and are mainly due to their content in natural water source. Regulatory effluent decreased due to the enterprises zototodobyvayuschey industry, which corresponds to a total reduction of waste water in the industry due to the reduced volume of sand washing. Thus, combating pollution of surface water resources is necessary in order to improve sewage treatment plants, adjust the volume of wastewater discharged into water bodies. Analysis of the data showed that the volume of wastewater discharged into surface water bodies in 2012 amounted to 82,66 million m3, which is 2,4% less relative to 2011, when it was dropped 84,66 million m3. A steady decline in the volume of wastewater is observed.

 

References:

1. Gosudarstvenny report on the protection of the environment and the environmental situation in the Amur region in 2011 the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Amur Region, 2012

2. Information bulletin on the state of water bodies, bottom, banks of water bodies, their morphometric features, water protection zones of water bodies, quantitative and qualitative indicators of water resources, the state of water sistempo Amur Basin District relating to the area of operations of the department of water resources of the Amur Amur BWI region for the year 2012.