Филологические науки/ 6. Актуальные проблемы перевода

Turebekova R.S.

Kazakh national university of the name al-Farabi, Kazakhstan

History of becoming of concept

of equivalence is in translation

The translation theory is considered relatively young branch of philological science and combines two approaches to studying of problems: linguistic and literary. Presently synthesis of these two approaches is characteristic. Professional translators speak about two parties of one phenomenon. Many problems of a translation theory aren't developed sufficiently yet. There is a set of articles and monographs, but they aren't systematized and in them concrete transfers of specific authors are often considered. It rather already belongs to a translation practice.

One of the main problems of the translation is the problem of possibility of the translation in general. Therefore it is necessary to tell some words about two aspects of the translation. The translation of a work of art is a type of art creativity. The translator reflects art reality of original work according to the outlook. The translation of fiction is, certainly, the most difficult type of the translation. He demands from the translator of special creative data, and for researchers-theorists raises difficult questions.

In any kind of translation activity there are some common features. If scientists speak about the general moments of the translations, therefore, it is possible to speak about the general translation theory as about science. Identification of such common features isn't an easy problem neither in practical, nor in the theoretical relation. The modern linguistics notes that, despite unity of forms of human thinking, ways of their reflection in different languages aren't uniform. The semantic structure of different languages isn't identical. The same reality is differently reflected in different languages. Therefore if to consider transfer as linguistic process, it is necessary to raise a question of adequacy of the translation of any text on any other language.

Thus, the concept of equivalence and the equivalent translation becomes the optimum solution of contradictions which arise when transfer. Translation process can be considered as process of overcoming of these dialectic contradictions which for different types of the translation are various.

At the beginning of 20 century main dignity of good translation ability exactly to pass to the feature of individual authorial style of text of original was considered. Now, at the beginning of 21 century different texts in that an initial information transfer is important on the language of translation went out on the first plan. A former formula is knowledge of two languages and article of speech - already unsuffice for skilled translation. To translate professionally, knowledge of languages is needed in combination with rules and transition terms from units of one language to units other. Very large influence on appearance of science of translation rendered development of literary criticism and linguistics. The intensive study of linguistics of text and features of functioning of language units in the process of speech communication, their co-operating with the different types of context, sense and communicative functions of expression began in modern terms.

On the modern stage science of translation works out serious problems in connection with interpretation by the translator of maintenance of text of original. Now new methodical receptions appear and there are new concepts in the theory of translation - is a "model of translation" and "dynamic equivalence". Many scientific linguists brought in a serious contribution to development of linguistic theory of translation.

The translation isn't identical to the original and not its copy, but creative reflection on the basis of means of language of functional compliances of that is expressed by means of other language. Each language is rather powerful means to retell the matter of work in other language in its unity with a form. Thus stylistic means of language in which the translation becomes, serve not for copying of formal features of original language, and for transfer of stylistic features of the original. In translation, unlike the original literary work, there are no problems of search of a subject and the hero, creation of a plot, composite construction and so on. And work on language becomes the main and only sphere for the translator to give equivalent ideas of an author's plan. The formula - everything or nothing isn't applicable to the translation. The translation always represents intense searches of adequate submission of the content of work from one language on another.