Economic sciences
PhD Daniyarova A.N.,
Kadyrbergenova A.K. PhD doctoral candidate
S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University
L.N. Gumilîv Eurasian National university
Perspective directions of
development of petrochemical productions
Therefore, the oil processing branch
is key among branches of an oil and gas complex not only on extent of receiving
the end results, the sizes of consequences of commercial activity, but also on
production communications with separate components of a complex. In this regard
relevance of research of problems of economic efficiency of work of the
enterprises of branch and in general investment process has extremely important
value for republic economy. Creation of powerful refinery capacities needs to
give the main priority in development of national economy of Kazakhstan. The
figures received even at the integrated assessment convincingly testify to it.
The gaseous part of hydrocarbons extracted from a subsoil together with oil
also represents raw materials exclusively rich with various fractions in which
the big requirement at the enterprises of petrochemistry is felt.
Need of formation of processing
industry of multipurpose appointment it is caused by continuous growth of needs
for the oil and gas processing products which are initial raw materials for
such industries as petrochemistry, microbiological production.
Development of oil-processing
industry of the country in general is focused on steady ensuring needs for all
types of oil products, creation of additional capacities for primary and
secondary processes for deepening of processing of raw materials both due to
reconstruction and the expansion operating and due to input of the new.
In the presence of three oil
refineries in Kazakhstan chemical and petrochemical production didn't gain
development [1].
Kazakhstan for
development of a petrochemical industry possesses large stocks of hydrocarbonic
raw materials - natural and associated gases, oil and products of its
processing, and also petrobituminous rocks. The main fields are mastered in the
western regions of Kazakhstan. According to expected prospecting data northern,
central and east regions also have considerable reserves of hydrocarbons.
For ensuring processing
of natural resources of hydrocarbonic raw materials in the republic it is
necessary to create a petrochemical complex, having modernized the operating
capacities of oil processing productions on receiving basic products for
petrochemical branch, and also having created productions on closing stages of
processing of hydrocarbonic raw materials to products.
Now the enterprises for
production on the basis of hydrocarbonic raw materials (polystyrene,
polypropylene, rubber products, tire production, reagents for oil industry
treat a petrochemical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan: deemulgator,
frothers for suppression of the fires, inhibitors of corrosion, salt
sedimentations, parafinootlozheniye, additives depressor, etc.). All
petrochemical enterprises work at the raw materials generally imported from the
Russian Federation due to the lack of own resources [2,3].
So, according to the experts, the satisfaction of world demand in the next 15 years will be required to have about 100 large petrochemical plants on production of ethylene, 400 – on production of plastic and 200 – for production of intermediate products. And if now the income of the world petrochemical industry is estimated at $1,6 trillion a year, by 2050 they will grow to $15-20 trillion. According to the independent American company Chemical Market Associates Inc., which researches the world chemical market, 14,4 million tons per year are used in consumption only of one polystyrene from which 3,5 million tons are consumed by Eastern and Western Europe. According to the forecast of the international consulting company NexantInc., universal consumption of polypropylene in ten years will increase by 30%, and consumption of polyethylene will increase by 40%. Thus, average annual growth rates are expected at the level from 3 to 5%. Ethylene is the leading product of the main organic synthesis and is applied to receiving a large number of petrochemical products. [4]
We can note that expansion of
production and construction of new petrochemical complexes is actively
conducted at our neighbors – in China, Russia, Iran. Today, Iran wins first
place in the Middle East on production of petrochemical production. According
to local experts, annually it is necessary to invest about $6 billion in
branch. It is planned to double by 2015 production of petrochemical production
and to bring to 100 million tons per year [5].
Today, the petrochemical branch of
Kazakhstan is poorly developed as still it isn't paid sufficient attention for
its development from what annually loses not only potential profit on product
sales, but also raw materials.
The Kazakhstan chemical productions
provide only 20% of requirement of domestic market. We consider that it is
connected with that until recently development of oil sector of economy was one
of the priority directions, now there is a development of oil processing sector
and it is represented that development of petrochemical branch will be the
following stage. The majority of the foreign companies investing in raw sector
of Kazakhstan didn't show interest in petrochemical production and therefore
the most part of investments fell on oil production. However, growth of oil and
gas production create conditions for development of petrochemical and oil
refineries which production has to satisfy completely demands of the local
market and be exported on foreign markets.
In our opinion, the main reasons on
a poor development of petrochemical complexes, are outdated processing
equipment the demanded big investments for normal work, undeveloped transport
infrastructure for delivery of raw materials and finished goods, scale of
production for ensuring bigger profitability and long payback periods. Creation
of a uniform technological chain on production of petrochemical production with
a high value added is in many respects connected with renewal of productions at
Atyrausky plant of polypropylene and Aktausky plant of plastic.
The analysis of needs of the
international market for petrochemical production shows that for Kazakhstan
economically creation of basic petrochemical productions on production of
polypropylene, polyethylene, styrene and polystyrene, benzene and ethylene
glycol will be the most favorable. Besides, the main consumer of petrochemical
production is in the world in the neighbourhood, today petrochemical productions
of China cover demand of domestic market for polystyrene and propylene only for
50%.
Today, the optimum direction of
development of the Kazakhstan petrochemistry is production of synthetic rubbers
for the rubber and tire industry, various composites and polymeric materials.
The basis and development of a such complex of productions will allow to let
out high-quality products which in turn can give an impetus to development of
other sectors of economy. Besides, participation of the KazMunaiGas national
company will allow to create a consecutive technological chain: investigation –
production – processing – production – realization. According to our opinion,
in economic strategy of each state there are priority directions in branches
which are urged to become points of support for effective growth.
Kazakhstan has huge potential for
development of petrochemistry and for its full development in the republic it
is necessary to take the following actions: - to accelerate development of petrochemical
branch for competitiveness of the enterprises in the world markets in the near
future; - to hold events
for implementation of the program of modernization of the oil processing
enterprises, for improvement of processes of processing and complex processing
of raw materials for the purpose of increase in production of hi-tech,
import-substituting petrochemical production and reduction of their negative
impacts on environment; -
to create full-fledged infrastructure of a petrochemical industry of Kazakhstan
on the basis of modernization and technological updating of the operating
petrochemical enterprises and creation of new productions, technologies, the
equipment and materials; - to carry out further development the vertikalnointegrirovannykh of the
oil companies which will carry out activity from production of raw materials
and transportation before full complex processing with release of the final
products of petrochemistry; - to modernize the oil refineries of Kazakhstan and bringing to
waste-free processing of associated gas burned now in torches with excess
emissions of harmful substances in the atmosphere; - to develop scientific and methodical bases for
ensuring release of petrochemical production according to international to
requirements of ISO of standardization and certification.
Thus, it is necessary to
carry out full technological modernization of the existing oil refineries and
construction of the new petrochemical enterprises for the purpose of
replacement of export of hydrocarbonic raw materials with high-quality products
of its deep processing.
LITERATURE:
1. Zhumagulov R. B., "The
strategic directions of development of a competitive oil and gas complex of the
Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of integration into world economic
system" the Abstract of the thesis on competition of an academic degree of
the Doctor of Economics. 2010
2. A state program of industrial and innovative development of the
Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019. Astana, 2014. It is approved as the
Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 1, 2014 No.
874//www.zakon.kz.
3. Egemberdiyeva S.M., Petrobusiness
of Kazakhstan in the conditions of globalization. Manual. Petrobusiness of
Kazakhstan in the conditions of globalization: the manual for undergraduates
and doctoral candidates / – Astana: Name L.N ENU. Gumileva, 2011. – 250 pages.
4. It is information – the
analytical center RUPEC the article "The Iranian Petrochemical Industry
Needs in 50 Billion Investments" of 24.11.2011.
5. Alan J. Nizamoff, senior consultant of Nexantinc.paper ―Trends
in ethylene plant feedstock’s