Law/1. History of State and Law
Candidate of law
Prikhodko M.A.
Moscow State University
of Law behalf of O.E. Kutafin, Russia
The main means of communication and management
of the state system of the Russian Empire in the beginning
of the XIX century (Historical-legal aspect)
The
starting point of the
history department of Railways in
Russia is the date of February
28, 1798 - the date of the
creation of the Department of
Water Communications.
Since
its inception, the Department of Water Communications has become a central
government agency, headed by the Managing Director. The Department of Water Communications entered and Office of the Chief Director.
By 1802 the
structure and order of the
Department of Water Communications office mainly remained
in the form in which they were installed in 1798.
Manifesto "On the establishment of ministries"
has not affected the water department of communications from September 8, 1802.
Thus, the
Department of Water Communications until
1809 was not affected by the ministerial reform, and retains the old organizational
structure and the order of proceedings.
The
structure of the
Department of Water Communications formed Office of the Chief Director, Audit expedition,
Archive, Drawing and
Depot cards.
Major
reforms in the structure
begin following the appointment of
the chief director of the prince G.P. Oldenburg,
18 April 1809.
July
16, 1809 Emperor
Alexander I to the report of the
chief director of water
communications has been approved.
In
accordance with the
Department of Water Communications ceased operations in January
1, 1810 and converted to expedition water communications in the three offices.
An
important milestone in the history of the Russian Ministry of Railways was
a decree to the Senate on August 30, 1809 according
to which the road device expedition in the state joined the "water of
communications management," which meant the union of the central management of water and land routes messages in one institution - Expeditions water
messages.
"The establishment of the management of
water and land communications"
was approved November 20, 1809.
According to him,
at the head of the Office it was made Chief Executive
Officer, received the name of the
chief of water and land communications.
In the main directory formed Council consisting
of 3 members.
The
expedition was
headed by managing water
communications.
According to the "institution"
of November 20, 1809 the staff of specialists in the field of water and land communications was organized in a
special paramilitary association
- Housing water and land communications engineers.
For him, to create a special institution - Institute of the Corps of aquatic and
terrestrial communications engineers.
Completing the
transformation in the management of water and land posts coincided with the
start of the final period of the ministerial reform 1810-1811 period.
The most significant were the
provisions of the Manifesto of July 25, 1810, based on which the management of
water and land communications was renamed the Main Railway management and
accordingly, the chief director of water and land communications was named the
chief director of communications.
Thus, in 1811, the structure and the
order of proceedings of the Main Railway management were intermediate in
character - not collective, but not ministerial.
References:
1. Superior and Central State Institutions
Russia. 1801-1917. Volume 3. St. Petersburg.
2002.
2. The state
of Russia: Reference Dictionary. Book 1. Moscow. 1996.