Bases of the work's organization on psychological
correction
Imanbekov
M.M.,Vahabova N.K., Svankulova K
Academician E.A.Buketov Karaganda State
University
Now the requirement is formation of the free
person. Our President N.A.Nazarbaev in the strategic plan
"Kazakhstan-2050" has given huge attention to formation of the people
and youth education. There is told: Our main property is a quality of the
people. Our people have a high level of a science, creative potential and
educational sphere.... We should develop every possible way available
invaluable capital and to create all new and more civilized conditions for
development. And also, for today in teaching and educational sphere the special
attention is given to an all-around development and perfection of rising
generation [1].
As a result of psychology introduction in vital
practice of people using its many achievements, there was a possibility of
assistance to the decision of people's problems. For today methods of carrying
out of psychological correction is widely used service not only in high
schools, but also in all educational organizations.
The technology and the maintenance of work of
psychological correction of the psychologist still completely is not
established. Bodaev A.A., Zabramnaja A.V., the models which have created them,
have defined the correction basis, spent in connection with infringement of
psychological features, they have collected samples of used methods and rules.
And also in works Position about school psychological service Dubrovina I.V.
and Parishioners L.I. Have shown ways of the organization of psycho-correction
for the psychological consultation spent with children, at which mentality and
social status in norm and raised intellectual ability at comprehensive schools
[2].
Psycho-correction - the activity which directed on
correction of features of psychological development, not corresponding to
optimum model, with special means of psychological influence.
Psychologist Kurt Levin and his colleagues in 1946
have organized work of the first groups of psycho-correctional training
(T-groups). They input of the analysis of practice of group, the results, the
organized actions, having understood position of the psychological problem
facing clients, have revealed ways of their decision. It is accurately observed
that at such groups the big possibilities to training of people, culture
relationships and to ways of realization of communications. Some T-groups named
sensitive groups as they had a great influence on consciousness of participants.
Leading concepts of T-group: training laboratory,
training to doctrine ways, a position here and now. The Primary goal of
laboratory of training to spend to participants in the safe environment
approbation of new practice of behavior intended for others [3].
On a position here and now,
each person in the life should not be guided by the last events and the
experience, arisen in this connection, to train to show the character connected
with a situation occurring now. A main objective of T-groups - have shown to
participants an example appeasable behavior, to train in use of this knowledge
and skills in a family and in work.
By Jald I.D.'s definition it
is possible to reveal 10 factors of characteristic T-groups for the majority:
1. A collectivism - to
convince group that they have a possibility to strengthen mutual relation of
people and to show unity.
2. To convince of intentions - to convince that as a
result of group process will take places merits that in the future all will be
successful
3. The conclusion - to show to each pupil that his
problems it is inherent not only to him that the same situations meet and at
others.
4. Altruism - to explain to
each person that he is necessary for another.
5. Data - to supply the
information on individual personal features and features of interpersonal
mutual relations.
6. Transfer into many things -
the negative emotional circumstances to translate on inanimate objects.
7. Mutual learning - to
organize the environment of creation of approbation, emotional reaction and
kinds of new behavior of members of group.
8. Skills of the interpersonal
relation - during group action of participants directly or indirectly to show
flexibility in mutual relation among themselves.
9. Imitational behavior - to
form desire to repeat and study character of others, to strengthen skill to
show another positive character.
10. Kataris - during mutual relations among themselves
participants of group to create conditions for an exit from accurately certain
or latent psychological pressure.
During training to leading
members of group giving the chance to choose an action kind, it is necessary to
eulogies activity of each of them. And also, members of group and heads without
showing the power to anybody should consider with opinion of others. The
actions spent in group of training and psychological problems of each
participant should be confidential, conditions which will not leave an
unpleasant deposit should be created. The people who have not accepted rules of
carrying out of group practice not to suppose to trainings.
The position Here and now is
an important condition of success of the correctional work spent with group.
All analyzed situations should be only in group and are connected with the
questions occurring at present. The analysis of the come true events tires
participants and the leader creates feeling of expression of
"sophistication". Therefore, the analysis of things which were in
concrete practice and referring to all has much more a great influence, and
interested everybody.
Participants of T-group it is to
train in ways of use of the new practice (at work, at family etc.).
Many methods and techniques in
group are based on confrontation. Confrontation is very active kind of
communications calling other person to analyze and change the relation.
With a view of
psycho-correction carrying out in connection with data of the investigated
people saved up about special individual psychological features. This work is
carried out in two directions: correction an establishment of specifications;
correction of development of specific features of the person [5].
Correction of an establishment
of specifications. Reduction correction in conformity of the specifications
accepted in the social environment, the individual description of private world
of the person is carried out in group. They basically are directed on the
decision with problems of formation of culture and mutual relations, decrease
in kinds of anxiety and aggression, a problem taking place in connection with
age features of teenagers. Productivity of methods of correction depends on a
syndrome of a deviation and kinds of symptoms of occurrence of infringement. In
the correction, spent with pupils of school and their parents all kinds of training
of mutual relation are used, they help to master concrete forms of behavior and
train the client to incur responsibility for the different phenomena occurring
in the private world.
And also there are various
features characteristic carrying out of psycho-correction connected with the
period of different age and repertoire of executed roles of each person in the
social environment, the psychological problems, facing pupils. Therefore
correctional works with these periods of age perfection of their process of
knowledge and training to a school mode, formation of fitness to mutual
relation with pupils in a class and teachers, so preparation for school life is
on all indicators. In primary school psychological service proceeds in that direction.
For decision of these problems
it is necessary to organize systematically the psychological help,
psychopreventive maintenance, carrying out of psychocorrection and the actions,
assisting other needing. Including diagnosing development of the child is
necessary, to open all his abilities and to render the correctional help within
the limits of psychological activity with children, their parents, teachers
[6].
Group psycho-correction is
organized in the form of the actions occupying the big role in human life. Since
the childhood game actions take a special place which keep importance at any
time, are highly effective. For children it is a principal view of life,
practice development, and for adults causes their children's "mine",
gives the chance to understand more deeply offence of other people, and
especially children. Therefore game correction is widely used in practice of
psychological service.
Game therapy was investigated
by many famouse psychologists (L,S. Vygotsky, A.N.Leontev, B.D.Elkonin). After
their doctrine during evolutionary development it is proved that game actions
took place in hereditary structures and occurrence of its features are
connected with the age periods of personal development. And also, game though
depends on the program of law of biological development, is a kind of highly
social action. Its training, developing, correctional value has deep sense.
Through game actions accustom, exercises on his perfection are spent. The
complex of actions which is the basis for acquaintance to environment and
interaction is formed. And also during game elements of the social relation
accustom, trains the most important phenomena of character of the individual
person [7].
Developing value of game
speaks its duality. First, from that game is a kind of the present action, its
performance demands the decision of concrete problems, secondly, many moments
of game are conditional, playing getting off the present circumstances and
responsibility, their attention are translated in other party to game
conditions. From structure three features peculiar to game; orderliness of
relations during game; all internal secrets (the relation is spent at two
levels, one of them remains secret).
In an everyday's life the
person has such moments when he is captured by emotional feelings. They are
results of anxiety appeared for incompatibility or interpersonal relations.
Many people cannot independently solve these problems; the psychological help
approaching them in the form of psycho-correction appears. It is a lot of kinds
of rendering of correction. The special attention is given by corrections of
game and its influence on the person and methods of their using [8].
Game correction at correction
of individual personal features and emotional conditions has big possibility.
The important contribution researches spent by K.Levin's group have brought
finding out ways of use for an exit from a negative emotional condition of the
person through game therapy. Vygotsky L.S. has proved that through game the person
will get rid of difficult circumstances in the present life should be in the
invented role, it is easier to understand a situation in the life through the
analysis and concept of features of that invented circumstance.
With methods of game
correction it is widely used at the decision of problems, such as decrease in
aggressive feelings, anxiety, an exit from depression, and others nervosa
illnesses, for regulate at whom shortage of the emotional world and inadequate
reaction of physical and psychological healthy people are noticed.
Each game used for psycho-correction
carrying out carries out many functions: to first pupil - an exit of increase
of a self-estimation, for the second - a way to cheer up, training to potential
and ease increase. The techniques of carrying out of work of correction of the
psychologist only when it will go according to the revealed purposes. At each
stage of action it will execute in full this function [9].
And so, summing up, it was
defined that used for carrying out of psychotherapy and the organization of
correction is a lot of methods and receptions. For today correction of
individual personal qualities are spent on group trainings. The
psihokorektional groups connected with psychological problems, and their
demanding decisions before participants of training happen different. Their
selection and use it is connected with a problem of the pupil and with use of a
scientific current of the psychologist.
Bibliography
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