INDUSTRIALIZATION: PROSPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL-INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Sadykhanova G.A., candidate of economic Sciences, associate Professor;

Aitbayev A.G. master student of the specialty "Economy",

al-Farabi Kazakh national University, Almaty, Republic Of Kazakhstan

Modern tendencies of globalization of world economy, national and regional economy is particularly acute raised the problem of finding areas for further industrial development of the States. However, the phenomenon of industrialization is treated ambiguously in the economic literature that, in large measure due to the diversity of phenomena and processes included in its content. First of all, the discrepancy is due to the consideration of industrialization either as a process or as a completed historical phenomenon. Interpretation of industrialization as a process, perhaps the most traditional in economic theory and concrete economic research in different countries (Grishin I. A., Ushamirsky A. E. [1], Heifetz B. [2]). Differences in the framework of this interpretation is due only to the inclusion of the concept of "industrialization" of those or other economic processes.

Industrialization (from the Latin "Industria" – activities) - the process of development of the productive forces of the country, which is characterized by the creation of large industry able to equip the national economy by machines [3].

That is many years in the Soviet economic literature of the dominated point of view, according to which industrialization was seen as mainly development of heavy industry, therefore, industrialization is often contrasted with agricultural development, despite the fact that in some modern highly developed countries, industrialization was based on agriculture And some researchers declare the industrialization process of economic development in General, which is fraught with the possibility of a broad interpretation of it as a "permanent process"[1].

If industrialization is to be regarded as creating large-scale machine production and translation on the industrial base other sectors of the economy, we can say that industrialization in the USSR began in the second half of the 20-ies of the 20th century, and especially intensively carried out during the first (1928 -1932.), second (1933-1937) and the third interrupted by the war (1938) five.

The beginning of mass primary industrialization can be considered as 1781, when England R. Arkwright began construction of the world's first spinning mill [4]. The primary essence of industrialization is the transition from handicraft and manufacture to industrial production, private accumulation of the means of production to increase the added value on the basis of the growth in the number of employees due to the landlessness of the peasantry and the ruin of artisans, involving in economic circulation of new natural resources and sources of energy.

Ended this period in the developed countries in the 1970s when the sharp rise in oil prices and then other raw materials made ineffective increase their consumption, and the decline in fertility - it impossible to increase the size of the workforce. In developing countries primary industrialization is still ongoing.

During the years of Soviet, industrialization was accompanied by the extensive use of forced labour, the appropriation of resources of the agricultural complex, development mainly military industry. The industry has grown to 17% per year, but per capita consumption of food decreased. Mobilization industrialization allowed in 1943 to overtake for the production of military equipment Germany, which worked all of continental Europe [4].

In the postwar years, the USSR produced more tanks than all other countries of the world, but became isolated from the rest of the national, the more global economy, the complex. Legacy production was not closed and continued to produce unnecessary products.

The shock abolition of price and foreign trade regulation in 1992 led to hyperinflation and the elimination of the savings of the people. Disappeared the main value of the modern economy - mutual trust between government, society and business.

If you look at the modern state of many developed and highly developed States, you will notice one common trend: the service sector occupies more than half of the Gross Domestic product. For example, in the USA the figure is 80%, in Japan to 71.4% in Germany, 69% in Russia, 59%, in Kazakhstan 57%. In many literary sources, explains that industrialization is an indispensable stage of development of any state. For example. If you look at it from a historical point of view, almost all the countries of Europe and North America passed the stage of industrialization [4].

The timing and pace of industrialization in different countries can be different. The first country where the industrial revolution happened, it became the UK (in the mid-nineteenth century) [5]. France became industrialized in the early 20-ies of XX century In the Russian Empire, industrialization began in the late XIX - to beginning of XX century to the late twentieth century one of the most economically successful regions was East Asia, especially Hong Kong [6].

Soviet industrialization in 1930-e years meant the elimination of backwardness of the economy, compared with developed countries in a relatively short period due to the extreme stress of material and human resources with a predominance of heavy industries [7].

The beginning of global industrialization process is called the first industrial revolution. It began in the late XVIII century, in some regions of Western Europe and North America, first in Britain and then in Germany and France [8]. The second industrial revolution called the industrial modernization that took place from the end of XIX century, after the invention of the internal combustion engine, electrical devices, building networks of canals and railroads. Its heyday has to the invention of the Assembly line.

The program of new industrialization [9] implemented in Kazakhstan on the initiative of the Leader of the Nation N. Nazarbayev, allowed to run in the country hundreds of new industries, create thousands of new jobs. The industrial program of the President gave a very good socio-economic effect. Kazakhstan on the way to the main goal – to enter into 30 most developed countries of the world.

In the framework of the Industrialization Map in Kazakhstan [10] in 2015 was commissioned 120 new objects and created 10 thousand permanent jobs. Just from 2010 to 2015 created 85 thousand permanent jobs, sold 890 projects, 90% of which is carried out at the expense of private business. "In General, the process of industrialization has given the opportunity to make a decent start technological modernization of the economy of our country. Six years entered 890 new industrial enterprises created 85 thousand permanent jobs. In the course of construction there were ten times more", - has summed up the results of the industrialization program, the Head of state Nursultan Nazarbayev during the national teleconference "New industrialization of Kazakhstan. The results of 2015", held on 11 December 2015 [11]. Days of industrialization, always passing with the participation of head of state – the most obvious way of summing up the most important work on industrial-innovative development of the country. The event in this format – the Republican teleconference with the regions, launch new industries were held back in 2010, when it approved the State program of forced industrial-innovative development.

Industrial development, largely, this thing is developing countries. Developed countries have long passed this stage, and they simply do not need. Therefore, the question about necessity of industrial policy depends primarily on the degree of development of the economy, as the industrial policy is one of the most important stages of development of the state as a whole.

However, the new industrialization of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the transition of the entire national economy on a fundamentally different technological base, but for the development of this direction of development of economy requires a synthesis of scientific personnel and production workers. I.e. the purpose of the industrial-innovative development of the country is the creation of sovereign national economies, conscious of its own technology and technical (industrial) schools. After all, who is going to industrialize?

Now, wherever you look - solid economists and lawyers. Most graduate schools will again go to study for these specialties. Many want the young people worked in the industry, but no one is willing to send their children to vocational school, which left very little for the Republic. This should not be in the framework of the new industrialization. For starters, most high school graduates should receive higher or specialized secondary education; this should be an everyday norm. The most intelligent must study further – for engineers and scientists.

References

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2. Kheifets B. De-offshorization of the economy. World experience and Russian specifics // problems of Economics. - 2013. -№7. - P. 29–48.

3. Sullivan. Economics: Principles in action. - Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. - P. 472. 

4. Evsey Domar. Special features of industrialization in planned economies: a comparison between the Soviet Union and the United States / Capitalism, socialism, and serfdom. Cambridge University Press, 2008. P.143-175.

5. N. Rosenberg, L. E. Birdtsell "How the West became rich. The economic transformation of the industrial world". Novosibirsk, "Ekor", 1995, - P. 352. Chapter "the Development of industry: 1750-1880"

6. Gubanov S. S. Majestic breakthrough. The new industrialization of Russia and vertical integration. - Moscow: Book world. - 2012.

7. Senchagov V. On the formation of a new paradigm of fiscal policy // problems of Economics, 2013. -№ 6 - P. 152–158.

8. Social policy, the level and quality of life: the dictionary / Under the editorship of V. N. Bobkov – M.: "Rusaki" 2014. P. 102-103.

9. The state program of forced industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014. – Astana, 2010. – 65 p.

10. The concept of the Program of industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014, with a vision to 2030, the explanatory note of the NDP "Nur Otan". – Astana, 2009. - 45 p

11. http://www.inform.kz/ru/obzor-novaya-industrializaciya-kazahstana-rezul-taty-2015-goda_a2920593