STUDYING OF GENETICALLY
MODIFIED COMPONENTS IN THE MEAT PRODUCTS
Nikita Ì. Golovchenko, Gayane P.
Pogossyan
All over the world the food market is
flooded by the goods, which are containing genetically modified organisms. In agriculture export of many leading countries there were found a
vegetative foodstuff, vegetative raw materials, and parts of plants with the
changed genetic code. These plants are growning for a long time in many areas.
It’s well-known, that the using of new transgene plants is considered to become
one of the most perspective and profitable technologies into the
agromanufacture sphere and biotechnology [1,2].
New transgenic plants, which gene or
genes were modified by the replacing of some specifies of other plants [3] have
been successfully using.
H'm-plant cropsing areas have been
gradually increasing nearly on 60 %. It’s obviously, nowadays this kind of area
exceeds nearly 50 million hectares all over the worls, that takes about 3 -5 %
of all agriculture territory on the Earth. In manufacture of foodstuff are used
H'm-soya (70 %), H'm-corn (25 %), and also the potatoes, rice, tomatoes, and
the sugar beet. The main manufactureres of production, which maintains GMO,
are: USA (68 %), Argentina (12 %), Canada (6 %), Brazil (5 %), and China (4 %)
[4,5]
At present
time there is no the authentic scientific information about testifying of the
genetically modified organisms on the theme of it danger. However, it doesn’t
prove the absolute safety of GMO production. Opponents of the H'M accelerated
use program declare, the consequences of such products may have long-term
period and, that’s why, it results may be clearly seen only after some humanity
generations. As a proof, there were holded different experiments on animals, it
results were just shocking. Considering a big quantity of people whio are
consuming such H'M production as a soy, corn, rice, potatoes, etc. the whole
effects can lead these people to the mass undesirable consequences [6,7]
The
absolute part of genetically modified products is going for export. However,
nowadays more and more countries create especial laws about the necessary
obligatoring of such goods or even about it import prohibition [8].
Kazakhstan
doesn’t pay especial attentionq on the question of GMO production. The quantitiy
of researches, whch had been dedicated to this theme, is not so big, it
scientific exactness is considered to be controversual. Unfortunately, the
problem of the GMO production in Kazakhstan wasn’t studied well. It’s
established that nearly 60-75 % of all imported into the country food contains
H'm-components [9]. For the further scientific research, there
is a need of especial equipment, whci is epsont in Kazakhstan.
As we
suppose, all these facts may let us confirm that nowadays the research of food
containing GMO is very actual.
On this moment, the GMO presence
monitoring is the method, which allowes to detect not only GMO presence in the
food, but also to define it quantity.
The aim of our work is the testing
of sausage by the method of polymerase chain reaction.
As criteria of products choices were:
prices acceptable; its’ food market
wide-spreading; no marks of GMI maintaince.
Results of
the present work may be used for by the sanitary stations, and also by people,
who are informed about GMI presence in some kinds of food, particularry, in the
sausages.
Tested samples
¹ |
The product name |
Mark. (The company or the manufacturer) |
1 |
Shahtinskie sausages |
«KULAGER»
ALR «APRIL», The Republic of Kazakhstan |
2 |
Halal sausages
|
|
3 |
Dairy sausages
|
|
4 |
Doctors’ sausages |
ALR «TULPAR»
The Republic of Kazakhstan |
5 |
Dairy sausages |
|
6 |
Dairy sausages |
IE «DEDOV» The Republic of Kazakhstan |
7 |
Dairy sausages
H/S |
«RAKHAT» IE «IVANOV», The Republic of
Kazakhstan |
8 |
Dairy sausages |
«RUBIKOM»
ALR "Rubikom enterprise", The RK |
9 |
Beef
sausages Ì |
«MIKOYAN»
CSC «Mikoyan meat combinat», RF |
10 |
Beef
sausages |
OSC «CARICYNO» Russian Federation |
Methods. As a method of the molecular-genetic analysis and GMI detection,
we used polymerase chain reaction, which allowed us to reveal GMI insignificant
small fragments of DNA by it repeated amplification.
The allocation of DNA from the described products was
carried out by the help of the complete set "DNA-SORB-with", variant
50. In the present procedure we used an especial sorbent set for DNA molecules
sedimentation.
The amplification of sequence of the promotor 35S, and
also soy and corn genes spent by using set «Amplisence a variant 50-R the
PLANT-SCREEN», sequences of set «Nos» were
carried out with set application «Amplisence a variant 50-R Terminator Nos»,
sequences of DNA of the genetically-modified soya of a line 40-3-2, by means of
a set of reactants «Amplisence a variant 50-R H'm-soya 40-3-2».
The analysis by electrophoresis of PCR products in
agarose gel was holded by the using of the complete set «EP a variant 300».
Also was done the analysis of electrophoresis results,
which data was analized by the means of computer system Totallab.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH
For determing the presence of GMI in a food, there
were made initial experiments, supported by test system "PLANT-SREEN"
application. After isolation of DNA-genes from all tested samples, we putted
amplification reactions in a corresponding mode. The number of cycles made 42.
After the termination of PCR, amplification products had procedure of
electrophoresis in agarose gel. Samples applied positive (PCS) and negative
control (NCS).
In that test system there were applied 2 variants of
the revealing of genetically modified soy (PCS 1) and corn (PCS 2). For the
exactness of received results, the experiment was repeated three times with
each sample. The photo of electrophoresis is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Electrophoregramm of DNA, which was
amplyfited by
"PLANT-SREENS"
test systems
1. PCS 1 soy 400 è 194 ïí.
2.
PCS 2 maiz 544 ïí.
3. NCS.
4. Shahtinskie sausages «KULAGER»
5. Halal sausages «KULAGER»
6. Dairy sausages «KULAGER»
7. Doctors’ sausages «TULPAR»
8. Dairy sausages «TULPAR»
9. Dairy sausages «DEDOV»
10.
Dairy sausages H/S «RAKHAT»
11.
Dairy sausages «RUBIKOM»
12.
Beef sausages Ì «MIKOYAN»
13.
Beef sausages
«CARICYNO»
The results analysis after the processing by Totallab computer
system, let us to discover the DNA fragments of 400 bp, which were
corresponding to the length of the amplified DNA fragments of the genome of
soybean, in all the ten experiments. In the 12 sample (Sausage Beef M
"Mikoyan") alsowas found the sequence of 35S promoter size 194 p.n.
According to the recommendations of the
"Instructions AmpliSens-50-R», in case of receving of positive or negative
result by the «Terminator NOS» and «GM – soybean». All investigated objects
were tested in the described systems.
The separated DNA samples were putted in
PCR with using "Terminator NOS» test-system. After the end of each
experiment there was holded the detection of all products in the
electrophoretic gel. The results are shown in Figure 2.
The electrophoresis doesn’t have the 3rd
line. This kind of numbering is used to keep in clear the coherence of objects
of the 2nd Table.
In this electrophoresis the 3rd
path is not used. We decided to use such numbering system due to preservation
of sequence of the objects, which had been showned in Table 1. During
the analysis of the received results, in one investigated product there were
determined the required DNA fragments, which was corresponding
to PCS. It was discovered by the test system (180 bp hadn’t
been revealed.).
Figure 2. Electrophoregramm of DNA, which was
amplyfited by
«Terminator NOS»
test systems.
1.
PCS 180 ïí.
2.
NCS
3.
-----------------
4.
Shahtinskie sausages «KULAGER»
5.
Halal sausages «KULAGER»
6.
Dairy sausages «KULAGER»
7.
Doctors’ sausages «TULPAR»
8.
Dairy sausages «TULPAR»
9.
Dairy sausages «DEDOV»
10.
Dairy sausages H/S «RAKHAT»
11.
Dairy sausages «RUBIKOM»
12.
Beef sausages Ì «MIKOYAN»
13.
Beef sausages
«CARICYNO»
During the analysis none of
studided products were identified the original DNA fragments, which are
corresponding to the SI of the test system (180 bp), that proves the absence of
genetically modified maize in these products.
Subsequent experiments were holded by
using the the «GM soya 40-3-2» test-system. The amplified DNA fragments
electrophoresis (Figure 3) shows the detection of the amplification products of
DNA, where are separated from all studied samples of sausages.
Figure 3. Electrophoregramm of DNA, which was amplyfited
by
«GM soya 40-3-2»
test-system
1. PCS 274 ïí.
2. NCS
3.
-----------------
4. Shahtinskie sausages «KULAGER»
5. Halal sausages «KULAGER»
6. Dairy sausages «KULAGER»
7. Doctors’ sausages «TULPAR»
8. Dairy sausages «TULPAR»
9. Dairy sausages «DEDOV»
10.
Dairy sausages H/S «RAKHAT»
11.
Dairy sausages «RUBIKOM»
12.
Beef sausages Ì «MIKOYAN»
13.
Beef sausages
«CARICYNO»
In this experiment the positive result, whci is
corresponding to the size of amplified DNA fragments of 274 bp, is showed only
by the number 13 sample (Sausage Beef "TSARITSINO").
Thus, our studies have determined the presence
of GMO in all tested samples of sausages without exception, that let us to
suggest the fact of using of genetically modified ingredients in the
manufacture of these products.
A
summary data of the research results is presented in Table 2.
Results of the
researches
Table 2.
¹ |
Íàçâàíèå
ïðîäóêòà |
Ìàðêà |
Ï-Ñ |
NOS |
ÃÌ |
1 |
PCS Soy |
|
+ |
- |
+ |
2 |
PCS Corn |
|
+ |
+ |
- |
3 |
NCS |
|
- |
- |
- |
4 |
Shahtinskie sausages |
«KULAGER» |
+ |
- |
- |
5 |
Halal sausages |
+ |
- |
- |
|
6 |
Dairy sausages |
+ |
- |
- |
|
7 |
Doctors’ sausages |
«TULPAR» |
+ |
- |
- |
8 |
Dairy sausages |
+ |
- |
- |
|
9 |
Dairy sausages |
«DEDOV» |
+ |
- |
- |
10 |
Dairy sausages
H/S |
«RAKHAT» |
+ |
- |
- |
11 |
Dairy sausages |
«RUBIKOM» |
+ |
- |
- |
12 |
Beef
sausages Ì |
«MIKOYAN» |
+ |
- |
- |
13 |
Beef
sausages |
«CARICYNO» |
+ |
- |
+ |
The further investigations will expand the
number of researched products, and will increase the number of test systems for
identifing the various GMI and, also, will have the definition of the
identified fragments of DNA nucleotide sequence.
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