ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ. Ветеринарная медицина

C. of Vet. Sc. Firsov G.M., Kuntsevich A.N., Nistratova M.V.

Volgograd State Agricultural University, Russian Federation

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Diseases, pathogenesis of which immune response directed against normal tissue components are major damaging factor, defined as an autoimmune disease.

In connection with this problem it is worth noting that they make up 20% of all systemic diseases and represent one of the major problems in the clinic of internal diseases.

For laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, prognosis and monitoring of therapy used in the determination of autoantibodies against components of its own tissues.

In some cases autoantibodies are directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, but in most cases they only indicate the presence of autoimmune diseases are not always being sufficient to establish a diagnosis.

Currently, the following definition is used autoantibodies rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein [1], antistreptolysin-O, antinuclear antibodies, antinuclear factor, antibodies to native DNA, denatured DNA antibodies, anti-cardiac antibodies, anti-phospholipid antibodies, antibodies to collagen.

Determination of rheumatoid factor in the peripheral blood by ELISA is used for patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis to monitor and control the effectiveness of the remedial measures. It was found that high levels of rheumatoid factor is correlated with more severe rheumatoid arthritis and the presence of the system (extra-articular) manifestations. Given the nature of the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, for monitoring the disease and the effectiveness of therapy in addition to the determination of rheumatoid factor expedient quantitative determination of C-reactive protein.

Antinuclear factor is a set of antibodies that react with different antigens of the cell nucleus (DNA nucleotides histone, ribosomes, nucleoli).

Diagnostic informativeness are the concentration and type of anti-nuclear factor.

Particularly high antibody titers achieved antistreptolisin about an exacerbation of glomerulonephritis. The greatest diagnostic and prognostic significance have data about the level of anti-streptolysin O in the course of the disease (definition approximately weekly intervals). Character changes titer anti-streptolysin O or evidence of the success of antibiotic therapy, or the persistence of the pathogen, even under favorable clinical dynamics.

C-reactive protein is nonspecific for any particular disease, are not characteristic of acute inflammation, and may indicate activity. Raising occurs not only against infections, but also to inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases.

The level of C-reactive protein were not significantly increased during viral infection and spirohetnoy. Successive determination of levels of C reactive protein can be used to monitor the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment. In contrast to the widely used erythrocyte sedimentation rate test as a nonspecific indicator sharpness process, C-reactive protein is more labile, and, therefore, more convenient for clinical monitoring indicator. Furthermore, the level of C-reactive protein unlike erythrocyte sedimentation rate, regardless of sex, time of day, amount and morphology of the red blood cells, plasma protein composition.

Antibodies to the myocardium appear when myocarditis, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and rheumatic myocarditis. They can be used for diagnosis of these diseases, but no titer reflects clinical activity.

Collagen antibodies used for the detection of autoimmune diseases associated with the overproduction of antibodies to different collagen types in order to determine the extent and orientation of the predominant autoimmune process. Antibodies are highly specific to collagen for rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid. Antibodies to collagen correlated with the activity of auto-immune diseases, are an indication of the effectiveness of the treatment (for a change in titer).

Antibodies to denatured DNA are the main components of most nuclear antibodies, however, they are not specific with respect to certain diseases. It is expedient to use the definition of antibodies to denatured DNA for the differential diagnosis of lupus caused by drugs.

Bibliography:

1 David Stollar, Lawrence Levine, Julius Marmur, Antibodies to denatured deoxyribonucleic acid in lupus erythematosus serum II. Characterization of antibodies in several sera. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Specialized Section on Nucleic Acids and Related Subjects Volume 61, Issue 1, 9 July 1962, Pages 7–18.