PhD doctorate Sultan Y.
M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and
The problems of genre
boundaries in novel transformation
The modern novel is very flexible, receptive form,
accumulating experience of a variety of genres. The material from which the
novel is constructed almost inexhaustible, because time does not stop, it
offers to a novelist all new situations and paradigms, it causes him to seek
new forms of expression for the new content. M.M. Bakhtin's assertion that
"the study of the novel, as a genre, characterized by particular
difficulties, since the genre backbone of the novel is far from solidified, and
we still cannot predict all of its plastic possibilities" is still
relevant. [1]
Writers of a one common
theme - the fate of a modern man in the modern world - sometimes choose
different positions in art dealing with this topic. Kazakh prose, step by step,
mastering the contemporary aesthetic experience of the world of literature,
going through a number of significant changes in the ideological and thematic
meaningful nature. The genesis of the Kazakh literature is difficult to
identify periods of modernism and postmodernism, however, there is a
synchronous operation of some modernist and post-modernist tendencies in the
work of contemporary writers.
Novels substantively become
more complicated, in order that the reader may find in them the answers to his
concerns. Some works, contrary, differ only by formulation of topical issues,
for which the writer does not answer, because the problematic situation more
deeply reveals the inner world of man, his worries, anxieties, hopes for the
future.
Modern contemporary
aesthetics rejects primarily from a large volume of text, and secondly, by the
linearity of the narrative, descriptive, static thinking, thirdly, this
aesthetic is committed to the mix of faces and synthesis of different,
sometimes incompatible versions of the genre.
For the modern novel it's
very intimately within the framework of a limited set of genre canons.
Enrichment of the novel with the new genre species, other forms of artistic
expression has been claimed by the epoch itself.
Researchers have repeatedly
stated that the genre boundaries have "blurred" in modern literary
process. In this regard, it is appropriate to note the criticism of M.Nekhorosheva: "The trouble is, of course, is not
great, because the boundaries of the genre - not the state, everyone carries
this demarcation in his own way, and in general on the junction of genres sometimes
born interesting things" [2, 196].
Thus, in the theoretical
classifications contemporary works is very difficult to attribute to any genre
varieties. Mixing or synthesis of various shapes at first glance are chaotic,
however, the analysis shows that semantic, plot, the structural association
occurs at a deeper level. Such works require intellectually prepared readers,
not just understanding but meditating synchronously with the author.
Writers of Kazakhstan
artistically reflect in their works the different levels of being, based not
only on the historical past of their people, but also attracting tradition,
socio-cultural experience of other nations, resulting in the first place the
development of literature and the novel as a genre, the most capacious in the
accumulation of material of life. The era of globalization brings together
cultures and civilizations of different nations, so between the literatures of
different countries is not an impassable wall, they somehow interpenetrate and
mutually enrich each other. Thus, the expansion of the genre boundaries of
works - a process, demanded reality itself.
The destiny of a single
genre, which is to say a measure and the degree of its participation in the
literary process of specific time, depends not only because brings time and
what society needs, but also on its own internal structures of the genre.
Any literary tradition in
the process of its development is going through periods of boom and bust. For
reasons of social, cultural, aesthetic character, it undergoes transformation;
new forms appear which corresponding to the trends of contemporary reality. The
possibilities inherent in the genre of the novel, allow "painless" to
respond to the influence coming from the outside.
In our view, the novel because
of its plasticity and mobility could become the mobile genre of contemporary
literature. The new novel moves away from the classic idea of the genre.
Indispensable criteria of the classic novel appeared: hero centrism, limitation
in time and space, the large number of characters, clearly built with the
active assistance plot, narrative linearity. These principles in the modern
novel become irrelevant. This is indicated by many domestic researchers: Sh.R. Eleukenov [3], A.S. Ismakova [4], B. Zhetpisbayeva[5],
V. Badikov [6], A. Temirbolat
[7], L. Safronovà [8] and many others.
Updating the novel, the
appearance of a new distinctive features, and even new genres species means
"vitality" of the genre. Therefore appropriate to pose the question
is not about the crisis of the novel, but the search for new forms of artistic
diversity and flexibility. Creative attention of contemporary writers should be
sent out to better display the contemporary reality, the inner world of man,
the depth of consciousness.
The process of
transformation, suggesting a local change in the genre, creating more complex
structures that could not be better able to convey the complexity of
contemporary reality. Some scientists under the transformation involve
rebuilding the genre structure, thereby affirming its complete destruction. In
our opinion, the transformation not only enriches the genre, but also allows
newly transfer issues which concern the authors.
The ideological and thematic
content of modern novels is much different from the classical works. Researcher
A. Temirbolat highlights in contemporary literature
two traditions: the realistic - in the works of A.K. Nurpeisov,
G.K. Belger and other writers; and the movement of a
complex alloy of modernist and postmodernist trends and quests, in the works of
D. Amantay, A. Kemelbaeva,
R. Mukanova and other writers[7, 10-11]
It is noteworthy aspect of
our modern prose researcher sees as follows: "... essentially parted
narrative borders. If in the Soviet period we said that the range of the image
of reality in literature panorama, but today we are talking about cosmism
image, and in particular the cosmism human soul. Modern writers, namely,
novelists, have focused on the inner world of man and show those subtle nuances
and movements of the soul, which previously simply did not get reflected in the
literature" [9, 22].
Novels are becoming very
sophisticated, deeply philosophic in its internal semantic structure. This is
due, primarily, a new approach in dealing with certain issues. Modern writers
in favor of the development of moral, intellectual, spiritual, environmental
awareness of people on the ground. The development of modern technology and
thinking of people is steadily leading humanity to a phase of cosmic evolution.
It is possible that there are other forms of intelligence in the universe. This
issue is of concern not only the minds of scientists, but also contemporary
writers.
Thus, the modern novel
represents a complex synthesis of elements; this is new aesthetic education,
which arose on the basis of various artistic traditions and trends. Today there
are many different points of view on the modern novel and the literary process.
Sometimes they are contradictory, but all opinions converge in one - a genre
characteristic of the modern novel is impossible to define in one word, it is difficult
to include the major work of the day to a particular genre. As we have noted
above, many writers of different genres mixed elements, thereby to obtain the
development of a synthetic form in his work.
The transformation process
entailed emergence of new forms of novel, previously alien to Kazakh
literature. The appearance of such forms of Kazakh literature takes on a
different level and contributes to the emergence of new genres of novels, which
have great potential for development. Narrating about the crazy world, modern
writers offer their understanding of the values of life that can be understood
not right away.
The main plot of modern
novels is a man in changing socio-historical conditions. Man is the measure of
the moral movement of the world. The dramatic conflict is not based on the
collapse of the ideas, not on production problems, domestic troubles, but on
the finding of point of support in a changing world where collapsed all the
usual sights, reliable, unshakable foundations.
A variety of genre forms,
styles searches, new ideas in the field of Kazakh novel reflects not only the
formation of the genre, but also a qualitatively new stage in the development
of literature in
References
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