Bekіsheva Zh.M.

2 course master student of KazNU named after Al-Farabi

Scientific supervisor Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor Mendikulova G.M.

COOPERATION OF KAZAKHSTAN WITH THE GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE IN 1990S

Trends of modern international relations require specific and stable cooperation of Kazakhstan with France, use of the potential and capabilities of the country for output of Republic to the orbit of broad international cooperation. At the same time the need of topic study is conditioned with the necessity in a complex and comprehensive study and historical and comparative analysis of mutual relations of two countries in order to identify new developments in cooperation.
A number of studies of Kazakh scholars-historians, political scientists, economists, orientalists are dedicated to formation and development of our Republic cooperation with other States. However studies of the history of formation and development of mutual relations in the Kazakhstani historiography and also the current cooperation between Kazakhstan and France in various aspects are in the process of studying and scientific understanding. These issues have not been the subject of special study. At the same time the history of bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and France was analyzed by number of Kazakh diplomats, historians and political scientists and to a large extent there were determined the ways to achieve goals and solve objectives of this dissertation research. From the Kazakhstani scientists and diplomats works dedicated to the issues of foreign policy activity of Kazakhstan Republic are of significant interest the works of K.K. Tokaev. In his works, he points out that the development of further prospective relations between Kazakhstan and the European Union, Kazakhstan and France, which has long become a subject of international relations and international law is necessary.

The first generalizing work on the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the book of K.K. Tokaev " Pod Stiagom Nezavisimosti” / 1 / which was published in 1997 and covered a five-year period from the date of the proclamation of the state sovereignty of the Republic. First time the passed process of the country's foreign policy formation and foreign economic policy that accompanied the occurrence of Kazakhstan into the world community as a sovereign state is comprehended in the Kazakhstan historical science, and the priority areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan with different countries and international organizations and their implementation are analyzed in the book. The main emphasis is placed on the mutual relations of Republics with the world community and international organizations in the given work and it is set out the priorities of Kazakhstani foreign policy in cooperation with States of different regions including France.
As it is known France is one of the leading states of the European Union. It can’t be accepted any decision affecting the fate of Europe without it. Its position is decisive on many important issues and serves as an example for other states. Establishing of productive cooperation was intended to contribute to the strengthening of Kazakhstan positions in the international community and promote the development of our country including in the economic sphere.

France was also interested in developing relations with Kazakhstan for its part. In its political circles our country is considered in a geopolitical plan as a connecting link at the junction of two continents – Europe and Asia, as a country playing one of key roles in ensuring the stability on the continent and possessing of promising economic prospects. "The Road to Central Asia" for France as it is indicated in the report of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the National Assembly on the occasion of the ratification of Kazakh-French Agreement on mutual understanding, friendship and cooperation is laid "primarily through Almaty".

Nowadays Kazakhstan is based on its active role in reforming the European Union in mutual relations with France and promoting the initiative about the development of common Foreign Policy and the Policy in the area of Security, as well as its positions on the rapprochement of EU with Russia and Turkey. The political and strategic importance of Kazakhstan to preserve stability and security in Central Asia and Transcaucasia are confirmed by French assessments. France attaches the priority importance for Kazakhstan in developing relations with Central Asian states and intends to support becoming of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a regional power. Including it intends to assist the process of the CICA and Kazakhstani initiatives on regional cooperation through cooperation in the UN and the OSCE. France has provided for Kazakhstan security guarantees among the other nuclear-weapon states [2].

A powerful catalyst for Kazakh-French business relations was the official visit of the President N. Nazarbayev to France on 23-26 September 1992 where an Agreement had been signed on friendship, cooperation and mutual understanding: Protocol on economic cooperation and Agreement on promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments and the other documents which are opening up broad prospects for development of cooperation between the two countries. At the meeting which was held on 23 September 1992 Francois Mitterrand emphasized that the France welcomed the Kazakhstan's exit to the international arena as an Independent State and would promote its rapid integration into the world political and economical relations and support its candidacy when joining the international organization, would help to ensure that Kazakhstan as quickly as possible had taken its rightful place in the community of nations. N. Nazarbayev noted that the Agreement was of historic nature because it would serve as the foundation of bilateral relations and on its basis agreements on cooperation could be concluded in all areas [4].

In the preamble of the Agreement the parties declared that they had convinced in the need of foundation their relationship on confidence and respect for the common human values of freedom, democracy and justice. They recognize the primacy of international law in the relations between states, they are guided by the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and also they confirm commitments undertaken in the framework of the Helsinki Final Act of Meeting on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, realize that the future relations between the two countries are inextricably linked with the strengthening of peace, security and stability in Europe and Asia.

The strategic interests of Kazakhstan appear the countries of Europe, particularly Great Britain in the new historical conditions. Perspectives and the need to develop relations with Great Britain for Kazakhstan is determined by the role and place of this country in European and world politics, as well as the economy, education and culture. Over the last two decades the position of Great Britain has changed significantly in the international arena. Changing of the world political situation and zone of vital interests put before London the problem of establishing new relations with the newly independent countries of the CIS. In the author's view the real growth of the influence of Great Britain is explained by its close cooperation with the USA which could be considered the first economic and political partner of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is known that the USA considers the UK as the main ally among the states of Europe. Thus, increasing economic and political influence and role in Kazakhstan appropriately are reflected in the position occupied by Britain on the world stage. For example, Great Britain often acts as a partner and the ally which carry significant political and economic movements together in the areas concerning the interests of the USA. In this sense the dynamics of development of bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Britain is largely dependent on the USA policy. The fact that Britain has a special place in the European Union as a strategic ally of the USA determines its significant role in the CIS and particularly in Kazakhstan. Great Britain attaches great importance to the CIS countries including the post Soviet region of Central Asia and incorporating it into the zone of its strategic interests. The United Kingdom gives priority to Kazakhstan among the states of this region and it is explained with the presence of the large reserves of oil and gas in our country. It is even more actual for Great Britain because the peak of oil production in the North Sea area has already passed and now its energy security in no small part will depend on Kazakhstan oil. Moreover since the end of 1990s this state has adopted a policy to increase the staff of its diplomatic missions exactly those regions where there are large deposits of oil and gas that once again confirms the importance of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the United Kingdom.

Today Britain is one of the five permanent UN Security Council members, a member of the "Big Eight", a nuclear power. These and many other factors lead to the increasingly close the Kazakhstani – British mutual relations in various spheres of cooperation. The relevance of the British vector about the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is represented in providing state of development in the convergence of Kazakhstan's society. Borrowing of Great Britain experience in democratization processes, in introducing a liberal economy, attracting the British capital in the fight against crime, corruption, terrorism is also topical in relations between Great Britain and Kazakhstan. All these are possible through the creation of a positive image of Astana in the eyes of the British people and the Great Britain Government, with the help of cultural, educational and information exchange.

At the present time Great Britain is one of the main economic and trading partners of Kazakhstan in Europe. In its turn the Republic of Kazakhstan is interested in deepening and expanding of this cooperation, strengthening investment inflow from the Great Britain to its economy. The study of various aspects of economic cooperation allows to improve the mechanism of transition to a market economy and speed up the process of integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan into the world economy. The study of Great Britain activity in Kazakhstan aimed at the development of democracy and democratic institution, observance of human rights allow to reveal the level of democratization of modern Kazakhstan society and shows the contradictions and complexities of this process.

An important place among the works dedicated to the study of Kazakhstan mutual relations with Great Britain belongs to the works of well-known political figure of Kazakhstan K.K. Tokaev. Foreign policy priorities are substantiated in his monographs "Diplomacy of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "The foreign policy of Kazakhstan in conditions of globalization" and as well as it is contained a comprehensive analysis of the process of formation and development of mutual relations between Kazakhstan and Great Britain for the years of independence of Republic in the monographs. Moreover the perspective and priority directions of the Kazakh-British cooperation are also set out in his works.

Literature:

1. Tokaev К.К. Pod Stiagom Nezavisimosti: Ocherki O Vneshnei Politike Kazakhstana. – Almaty: Bilim, 1997. – 736 p. (464-475)

2. Khan G.B., Suvorov L.S., Rakhmanov G.B. The foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. – Almaty: Kazakh State Law Academy, 2001. – 512 p.

3.Tokaev K.K. The foreign policy of Kazakhstan in the conditions of globalizatsion. – Almaty: SAK, 2000. – 584 p.

4.Tokaev K.K. Diplomacy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Astana: Elorda, 2001, P. 552.

5. Great Britain and Kazakhstan are expanding cooperation in trade and investment area in the oil and gas sector //http:www.rusenergy.com/newsystem/