technical science/ energetics
Beysenbaeva K., Mukanov M., Niyazov B.,
Mukhtarova
M.N., Yar-Mukhamedova G.SH., Ermaganbetova S.D.
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Almaty,
Kazakhstan
HYDROCARBONS USING
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
Abstract: The article deals
with the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbon material, its
processing and quality of petroleum products to obtain the desired properties. The authors suggest
the idea that in order to achieve the desired product quality additives -
additives, surfactants, chemicals that can help in solving some problems, at
the same time lead to the deterioration of the ecological situation and the
rise in the cost of production. This is accomplished by known
physical methods of processing hydrocarbons and their products, among which the
authors use an electromagnetic field separated. Held description of
the most important aspects of the treatment of refinery products such as
gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. Relevance of the article
associated with the results of that using these methods will contribute to the
decision making practical needs and challenges in the process of production,
transportation and processing of hydrocarbons.
Keywords: oil, petrochemicals, processing, physical methods, the process parameters,
laboratory, prototypes of plants, harvesting, testing.
Introduction.
The hydrocarbon
feedstock, produced from different fields, different from each other in
physicochemical properties. Existing technologies and technological equipment
of oil refineries (refinery) inadequate offer its high-quality processing and
obtaining the desired properties of oil products. Consumers are forced to adapt
to the characteristics of the product, which leads to an inefficient use of it.
The methods of dehydration and desalting, purification of waste engine oil and
other petroleum products from water and mechanical impurities using electrical,
magnetic fields and infrared radiation. In solving problems that depend on
several variables, is very important to use the effect of synergy, which was
used for the separation of oil-water emulsion thermal, hydrodynamic and
electromagnetic effects.
Objective: To
identify patterns of complex effect on hydrocarbons physical methods of
preparation and processing of raw materials to produce products with the
necessary and stable physical and chemical characteristics, the definition of
the theoretical foundations of physical phenomena contributing to the
regulation of physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons, resulting in a
deeper and more effective processing and consumption of technological purpose.
Material and
Methods
Review of
previous studies indicates that transport crude oil, the use of diesel fuel in
winter conditions, and supply to the fuel equipment, the use of fuel oil and
other viscous hydrocarbon fluids, especially their pipeline transportation over
long distances due to the difficulties caused by their high viscosity and high
pour point. There are various methods and applied pretreatment high paraffin
oil to reduce its viscosity and pour point, which comprises adding oil to the
various components (water, solvents, gases, chemicals, additives, etc.). Such
additives reduce viscosity and pour point of the oil, but also may impair its
environmental and consumer properties, and complicate the subsequent refining /
14 /.
The principal
difference between the ideas of this work is a comprehensive approach to
solving problems, based on comparing the results of different methods of
physical effects, clarifying the existing factors in each case, the impact or
the reasons for lack of exposure, therefore a holistic approach is relevant,
especially because some unsolved problems are used in various local areas, in
solving problems, depending on many variable factors, great importance is the
use of synergy effects that were used in the preliminary works for the
separation of oil emulsion thermal, hydrodynamic and electromagnetic effects /
1-13 /.
Investigation of
the influence of physical fields of hydrocarbon raw materials and products
includes the impact of the wave (electromagnetic, ultrasound), magnetic,
electrical, thermal, hydrodynamic species on the test object. For this purpose
the measuring cells of various designs, are designed for a particular kind of
experience and physical impact.
In the
experiments the influence of an electric field using a high electrical voltage
of 50 Hz and a thermostatically controlled measuring cell. It is identified
physicochemical properties of the processed product before and after aging in
an electric field. As a result of such research have been developed to clean
used engine oil from mechanical impurities and water, oil dehydration method,
some matters coarsening patterns water droplets in an electric field.
In the study of
the influence of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range of crudes used
infrared emitter that creates infrared fixed a narrow wavelength range of 1-5
microns. The radiation power depends on the size of the test samples of raw and
adjusted according to the desired test temperature. In this experiment, the
necessary raw material temperature can be adjusted intensity infrared
radiation.
In the study of
magnetic field influence on the oil used permanent magnets capable of creating
a uniform and non-uniform magnetic field. magnetic field parameters are
regulated by the selection of the required magnets.
For the
ultrasonic processing of raw materials used ultrasonic devices with heating and
temperature control. water baths, thermostats are used for heat treatment of
materials. For hydrodynamic processing of raw materials used baffles liquid
propeller stirrer and magnetic, electro-mechanical rocker, rotary mixer.
In general, the
methods of research is to collect scientific and technical information,
materials from the literature, development of design and methodical
documentation for laboratory facilities listed physical effects with the
required parameters, build laboratory facilities, testing on laboratory
installations, comparison and analysis of the test results, the identification
of the experimental curves and a comparison with theoretical positions,
development of design and technical documentation prototype plants and test
benches for commercial conditions, integration and prototyping systems and
stands for field conditions, testing in field conditions, completion of the
prototypes on test results in field conditions, the development of
recommendations applying the results obtained.
Results and
discussion
Study on effects
of physical fields hydrocarbons need to determine the mechanism of their
influence on the composition, structure and oil dispersions the physicochemical
properties of hydrocarbons. The research results, allowing the creation of the
theoretical foundations of methods of influence of physical fields on hydrocarbons
develop science and technology for the processing of oil, which leads to the
use of petroleum products with improved properties, to reduce environmental
pollution problems of air, water pollution, soil. Economic effects of solutions
to these problems can be directed to the development of production, job
creation, social issues in the form of increased income from the oil sector.
Perhaps the use
of physical effects for the excitation of the energy levels of the molecules of
liquid hydrocarbon energy emitters, the activation state of the hydrocarbon
molecules and applying these effects to develop specific recommendations and
procedures for improving the technological characteristics of raw materials and
products during production, transportation and preparation for recycling.
Conclusion.
Existing
technology does not allow the refinery because of the different unstable and
physico-chemical properties of the feedstock. Using the methods of physical
effects can lead to improved quality of raw materials and petroleum products.
The use of physical effects in oil production and treatment to the processing
of acquiring currently of great practical significance and booming.
The solution of
these issues is the economic and industrial interest because the use of hydrocarbons
with improved properties increase the efficiency of operation of the existing
facilities, which is determined by the level of theoretical bases of
development, the introduction of resource-saving technologies, reduction of
energy consumption.
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