Биологические науки / 3. Микология и альгология

Candidate of life sciences, docent N.N. Karpun

All–Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Sochi, Russia

Representatives of Erysiphaceae family on flower-and-ornamental varieties in Sochi

Representatives of Erysiphaceae family are quite widely spread on flower-and-ornamental varieties in Sochi. The scientists marked 6 genera (Erysiphe, Golovinomyces, Phyllactinia, Podosphaera, Sawadaea, Oidium) and 27 hybrid species, relating to Erysiphaceae family. Erysiphe genus is represented most widely – 15 species. We also marked 5 following species for the first time in our research area: Erysiphe azaleae, E. betae, E. syringae, E. tortilis, Golovinomyces sparsus.

Key words: biodiversity, fungi, Erysiphaceae, flower-and-ornamental varieties, powdery mildew.

Representatives of Erysiphaceae Tul. & C.Tul. (Erysiphales, Leotiomycetidae, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi) family are widely spread all over the world. This family unites some types of obligate parasitic fungi with subspecialty for host plants, as a rule. The representatives of the given family are known as stimulants of powdery mildew on higher plants. They form white arachnoid, pannose or powdery scurf which is a mycelium and sporiferation of fungus.

The climate of Sochi is characterized by warm winter, hot and moist summer, protracted cool spring and warm dry autumn. The average air temperature of the coldest months – January and February is +6 ºС, and of warm months – June and August is +23ºС. The average air temperature of the zone is +13-14^оС (Мосияш, Лугавцов, 1967).

Unique climate conditions allow to grow more than 3600 species and cultivated forms of woody plants in Sochi (Карпун, 2003). Such conditions are also favorable for growth and development of fungi.

We were researching microbiotas which are associated with ornamental woody and flower varieties on the Black Sea coast of Russia for nine years (2002-2011). The representatives of Erysiphaceae family were also researched by example of aboriginal and strange flower-and-ornamental varieties in natural and urban plantings. Literature sources were also investigated (Гаршина, Малюкова, 1980; Николаев и др., 2001; Справочник, 1998; Ширяева, Гаршина, 2000; Гаршина, 2003).

We have identified 6 genera, 27 species and forms of fungi from Erysiphaceae family, which develop on flower-and-ornamental varieties, relating to 37 genera. Erysiphe genus is mostly represented; it includes 15 species. 6 species of Podosphaera genus, 3 species of Oidium genus, 2 species of Sawadaea genus, 1 species of Golovinomyces genus and 1 species of Phyllactinia genus follow than. We also marked 5 following species for the first time in our investigation area: Erysiphe azaleae, E. betae, E. syringae, E. tortilis, Golovinomyces sparsus.

There is a list of revealed species in alphabetical order according to the classification of Braun, Takamatsu (2000) below. The list includes synonyms, feeding plants, plants frequency (rare, usual, mass), intensity of development (low, average, high) and type of plantings where species are found. Anamorphic genus Oidium is given at the end of the list.

Erysiphe adunca (Wallr.) Fr. var. adunca (syn. Uncinula adunca (Wallr.) Lév., U. salicis (DC.) G.Winter) – on leaves of Populus tremula L., P. alba L., P. nigra L.; usual; intensity of development is average; woodland park.

Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U.Braun & S.Takam. (syn. Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) – on leaves and draws of Quercus hartwissiana Stev., Q. petraea L. ex Liebl., Q. suber L., Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus orientalis Lipsky; mass; intensity of development is high; in all the types of urban plantings.

Erysiphe australiana (McAlpine) U.Braun & S.Takam. (syn. Uncinula australiana McAlpine) – on leaves of Lagerstroemia indica L.; mass; intensity of development is high; ; in all the types of urban plantings.

Erysiphe azaleae (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. (syn. Microsphaera azaleae U. Braun) – on leaves of Rhododendron luteum Sweet; rare; intensity of development is average; woodland park. We marked it firstly in 2007, than – annually.

Erysiphe berberidis DC. (syn. Microsphaera berberidis (DC.) Lév.) – on leaves and softwood shoots of Berberis vulgaris L.; rare; intensity of development is weak; parks.

Erysiphe betae (Vaňha) Weltzien (syn. Erysiphe polygoni DC.) – on leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser.; usual; intensity of development is weak; botanic garden, street plantings. We marked it firstly in 2009, than – annually.

Erysiphe catalpae Simonyan – on leaves of Catalpa bignonioides Walt., C. speciosa Warder ex Engelm., C. hybrida hort.; usual; intensity of development is average; parks, public gardens, street plantings.

Erysiphe clandestina Biv. (syn. Uncinula clandestina (Biv.) J. Schröt.) – on leaves of Ulmus laevis Pall., Ulmus sp.; usual; intensity of development is average; parks, woodland parks, landscape gardening.

Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz ex L.Junell (syn. Erysiphe communis (Wallr.) Schltdl.) – on leaves and shoots of Clematis vitalba L., Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.; usual; intensity of development is weak, landscape gardening.

Erysiphe euonymi-japonici (Vienn.-Bourg.) U. Braun & S. Takam. (syn. Microsphaera euonymi-japonici Vienn.-Bourg., Oidium euonymi-japonici E.S. Salmon) – on leaves of Euonymus japonica Thunb. and on its forms, E. fortunei ‘Silver Queen’, E. fortunei ‘Aureospicata’; mass; intensity of development is high; in all types of urban plantings.

Erysiphe fraxinicola U.Braun & S.Takam. (syn. Uncinula fraxini Miyabe) – on leaves of Fraxinus excelsior L.; rare; intensity of development is weak; woodland parks.

Erysiphe penicillata (Wallr.) Link (syn. Microsphaera alni (DC.) G.Winter) – on leaves of Alnus barbata C.A.Mey; usual; intensity of development is average; woodland parks.

Erysiphe platani (Howe) U.Braun & S.Takam. (syn. Microsphaera platani Howe) – на листьях Platanus ´ hybrida, P. ´ acerifolia (Aiton) Willd., P. ´ acerifolia ‘Suttneri’, P. occidentalis L., P. wrightii S.Watson, P. orientalis L.; mass; intensity of development is high; in all types of urban plantings.

Erysiphe syringae Schwein. (syn. Microsphaera syringae (Schwein.) H.Magn.) – on leaves of Syringa vulgaris L.; rare; intensity of development is average; parks, street plantings. We marked it firstly in 2005.

Erysiphe tortilis (Wallr.) Link (syn. Microsphaera tortilis (Wallr.) Speer) – on leaves of Cornus sp.; rare; intensity of development is weak; landscape gardening. We marked it firstly in 2006.

Golovinomyces sparsus (A. Braun) V.P. Heluta (syn. Microsphaera sparsa Howe, Erysiphe sparsa U. Braun) – on leaves of Viburnum opulus L.; rare; intensity of development is weak; parks, street plantings. We marked it firstly in 2006.

Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. (syn. Phyllactinia suffulta (Rebent.) Sacc.) – on leaves of Corylus avellana L., Lonicera spp.; usual; intensity of development is average; parks, gardens, landscape gardening;

– on leaves of Fraxinus excelsior L.; usual; intensity of development is high; parks, street plantings.

Podosphaera clandestina (Wallr.) Lév. var. clandestina (syn. Podosphaera minor Howe, Podosphaera oxyacanthae (DC.) de Bary) – on leaves of Spiraea cantoniensis Lour., S. prunifolia Siebold et Zucc.; mass; intensity of development is high; in all types of urban plantings;

– on leaves of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. et Spach, Cerasus avium Moench., Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz.; usual; intensity of development is weak; parks, woodland park.

Podosphaera fuliginea (Schltdl.) U.Braun & S.Takam. (syn. Oidium erysiphoides Fr.) – on leaves of Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde, Carpinus betulus L.; usual; intensity of development is average; woodland parks, parks, street plantings, landscape gardening;

– on leaves of Gerbera jamsonii Bolus ex Hooker; usual; intensity of development is average; floricultural sectors.

– on leaves of Pelargonium spp.; usual; intensity of development is average; greenhouses.

Podosphaera fusca (Fr.) U. Braun & Shishkoff (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Pollacci f. calendulae (Malbr. & Roum.) Jacz.) – on leaves of Calendula sp.; rare; intensity of development is weak; landscape gardening.

Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary (syn. Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lév.) – on leaves of Rosa sp. cult.; mass; intensity of development is high; in all types of urban plantings.

Podosphaera tridactyla (Wallr.) de Bary (syn. Oidium passerinii Bertol.) – on leaves of Laurus nobilis L.; rare; intensity of development is weak; parks;

– on leaves of Laurocerasus officinalis L.; usual; intensity of development is average; parks, public gardens, landscape gardening.

Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr.) Homma – on leaves of Acer tataricum L.; usual; intensity of development is high; botanic garden.

Sawadaea tulasnei (Fuckel) Homma – on leaves of Acer negundo L.; usual; intensity of development is average; parks.

Oidium sp. – on leaves of Eryobotria japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.; park (Справочник, 1998). We didn’t mark it during the years 2002-2011.

– on leaves of Viburnum tinus L.; usual; intensity of development is average; parks, street plantings.

Oidium abelmoschi Thüm. – on leaves of Rosa chinensis Jacq. ‘Ochraleuca’; rare; intensity of development is average; botanic garden.

Oidium chrysanthemi Rabenh. – on leaves of Chrysanthemum sp.; usual; intensity of development is average; landscape gardening, floricultural sectors.

Doubtful species

Below you will see a list of the species, mentioned in literature sources, and not for 2002-2011. The synonymy of the given species is also absent in our system of Erysiphaceae family (Braun, Takamatsu, 2000):

Phyllactinia suffulta Sacc. f. juglandis Jacz. – on leaves of Juglans regia L.; woodland park (Ширяева, Гаршина, 2000).

Phyllactinia suffulta Sacc. f. ulmi Jacz. – on leaves of Ulmus japonica (Rehder) Sarg., U. laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr, U. laevis Pall., U. minor Mill., U. parvifolia Jacq.; woodland park (Справочник, 1998).

Trichocladia robiniae Tschernetska – on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L.; botanic garden, woodland park (Справочник, 1998; Ширяева, Гаршина, 2000).

Oidium cidoniae Sacc. – on leaves of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach; botanic garden (Справочник, 1998).

Oidium photiniana Jacz. – на листьях Photinia serrulata Lindl.; botanic garden (Справочник, 1998).

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Справочник. Вредные членистоногие и микофлора коллекционных растений Сочинского «Дендрария» (на 1 января 1997 г.). Сочи, 1998. 60с. Данные 1949-1996 гг.

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