Master E.V. Komleva
Karaganda State Technical University, Kazakhstan
Problems
of labor safety at the coal enterprises
of Karaganda city
Whereas
the lawmaking at protection sphere and working conditions is carried out taking into account modern lines and as a
whole corresponds to requirements of conventions of the International
Organization of Work, it is necessary to ascertain that the question about
labor safety and safety at enterprises, working costs to a guarantee of the
labor and social rights is very much and very sharply.
For the today's industry mass
application of out-of-date technologies, and also cars and the equipment with
constructive lacks is characteristic.
The condition of basic
production assets, the natural factor, labor discipline at enterprises with all
evidence show that there is real threat of failures and accidents, and also human
and economic losses.
It means that the failures
sustaining human losses, will happen in increasing frequency.
Figures and the facts testify
that the enterprises turn to "flashpoints" more and more. So, in
group accidents was lost 101 persons, 14 - were traumatised, 23 – are not found
for five years at mines of the Karaganda coal basin. So at mine
"Tenteksky" the material damage has made 890 000$ from explosion of
the methane which has occurred on June, 2nd, 2010.
Though under the statistical
data of the company «Arcelor Mittal» there is some decrease in the general
traumatism, however traumatism level remains former. In relation to volume of
real manufacture indicators of accidents and occupational diseases grow. During
2000-2007 at mine "Shahtinsky" has occurred 189 accidents, 26 - to a
deadly outcome, 43 heavy.
Losses of working hours
because of invalidity of victims have made 9634 man-days. As a whole in structure
work-losses from time invalidity to 40 % it is caused by the diseases expressly
or by implication connected with unsatisfactory working conditions.
Unsatisfactory working
conditions attract stably high level of professional disease. For 7 years 54
persons of patients with for the first time revealed diagnosis of an
occupational disease are registered.
The short analysis of accidents, which have
occurred at coal-pit Kuu-Chekinsky shows that for 2004 14 accidents from which
1 – deadly, 3 heavy, 10 – lungs have been registered; victims: 1 women, 13 men.
Frequency factor – number of the accidents which have come for last period of
time on 1000 working, thus = 0,014 %.
For 2005 have been registered 20 accidents,
which 1 heavy, 19 – lungs; victims: 1 women, 19 men. The frequency factor for
2005 is equal to 0,02 %.
For 2006 have been registered 12 accidents, which 1-deadly, 11 – lungs;
victims: 1 women, 19 men. Concern of women’s condition of protection and
working conditions.
Four women have suffered as a result of accidents for 2000-2007 at mine
Shahtinsky, and 3 women at a coal-pit Kuu-Chekinsky for 2004-2006.
According to obligatory
medical inspections, from third to half of women suffer the various industrial
— the caused diseases.
Especially sharply there is a
problem of work improvement of pregnant women. The system of employment of
pregnant women for work with easier and safe working conditions is almost
liquidated, decrease in performance standards by it and service is stopped.
Besides, it is necessary to
note such circumstance as deterioration in the country of a demographic
situation, growth of infantile and parent death rate.
One more serious problem in
labor safety sphere is deterioration of maintenance working as special clothes,
footwear and other means of an individual defence.
The spent checks have shown
that volumes of output of domestic overalls, footwear and other means of an
individual defence during the last years have sharply decreased. Manufacture of
overalls for some industries is almost stopped.
The uncontrollable rise of
prices for individual defence means has led to that the enterprises stop their
acquisition or buy cheap not certificated protective production. And as result
— occurrence of the numerous handicraft works which are letting out overalls,
not meeting the requirements of norms and not providing protection against
harmful and dangerous factors.
Employers do not accept
effectual measures on maintenance of healthy and safe working conditions, being
limited to payment of privileges and indemnifications for work in harmful and
dangerous working conditions in the industry.
Differently, by means of preferential payments and pensions of workers
in most cases compel to be reconciled with dangerous and harmful working
conditions which bring a huge damage, both to health of the person, and the
state.
So at coal department "Borly"
percentage surcharges to tariff rates in sizes from 4 to 12 % receive 52 trades
for harmful working conditions.
All listed above problems set
thinking deeply and to search for mechanisms and ways of their decision.
Therefore updating and perfection of standard legal base, coining bases for
creation of the mechanism of economic interest of the employer in creation and
maintenance on manufacture of safe working conditions is necessary, the work
security status remains unsatisfactory. The certificate to they - rates of
increasing of a traumatism and professional disease, and also growth of
physical inability of able-bodied age.
The main objective of the
given research is strengthening of a social partnership role in the decision of
problems at the field of a labor safety, creation of the mechanism of social
protection of workers in the form of the balanced system of the state and
market regulators and strengthening of a trade unions role at control system of
a labor safety.
Literature:
1. Estimation of industrial
risks on the basis of safety criteria for labor safety control systems at
manufacture / The report of research work. Akimbekov A.K., Kharkovskiy V.S.,
Plotnikov V.M.
2. Rules of
carrying out of workplace certification on working conditions ¹203 – p. from
23.08.2007.