The doctoral candidate of PhD, ZH.S. Bulkhairova

Management chair,   Kazakh Agro Technical University of S.Seifullin, Kazakhstan

Intellectual capital in agriculture of Kazakhstan

Today in agriculture began to pay more attention to detection a role of an intellectual capital in support effective functioning in agriculture, to intensive development and increase qualitative level in agricultural production. Thus the study mechanisms influence of an intellectual capital on economic events and processes fairly leans on that fact that influence its components, and first of all human resources, qualitatively differs from use material and material assets in the enterprises.

An intellectual capital is understood not only the capital which is embodied in knowledge, abilities, skills, a know-how and qualification of workers, but the intellectual capital includes the software, patents, databases, trademarks which are efficiently used for receiving profit [1].

Now in agriculture the intellectual capital becomes one of pacing factors which increase competitiveness in branch as a whole and different production in agricultural producers. It is caused by that the highly intellectual capital promotes creation in competitive knowledge-intensive production, support the business protection in the commodity markets, and also to effective influence on the commodity markets structure for own goods advance. The enterprises or the branches possessing in total all these qualities, it is possible to recognize competitive.

In this regard level of the enterprises innovative activities is interest in our republic. About same statistical data testify to number the documents which recognize patents and other intellectual property rights in Kazakhstan. So, in 2010 year their quantity reached from 1850 to 1157 in comparison with 2006. However this level, but in Kazakhstan it is submitted 93 patent applications for one million inhabitants, is much lower than level more developed countries (195,9 in Russia, 582,6 in Germany and 2 591,5 in Korea) [2].

At the same time, it is necessary to mark that on foreign patenting level which makes less than 1% of total quantity submitted applications in national patent department, our republic takes a leading line item. In Kazakhstan registration patents level and the USA trademarks is much higher in comparison with foreign countries from 2007 to 2009. Somewhat it is possible to tell that in our country there was more effective system in research and development which, eventually, affects in the positive aspect on increase in the national economy competitiveness as a whole. [3]

The patents number on selection achievements is slightly reduced from 2010 to 2012 in Kazakhstan, and in 2012 there are no selection achievements in the field of cattle breeds, and all 67 granted patents on selection achievements belong to plant varieties. As for patents for animals breeds, in 2011 there was an increase at 9 patents in comparison with 2010. So, in 2011 patents for plant varieties was 12 more, than on animals breeds. [4]

In General, the ability of economic entities to generate added value, process, store and effectively use information and knowledge-based, causes the growth and development of material production in the economy, particularly in agriculture. And as the intellectual capital is the basis on scientific-research activity and a formation source of the research and development costs. In 2012 internal current expenditures on scientific-technical work increased by 2398 million tenge or by 91% compared with 2008 in agriculture. In 2012 the share of domestic costs for agricultural research and technology project reached 5018 million tenge or 10% of total costs. However, costs in this industry and their share remains at a considerably low compared to costs in technical and natural branches. [4]

In this respect there are two major problems, which connected with the intellectual capital in agriculture:

- decreasing intellectual and spiritual level of rural youth, the increasing gap in personal characteristics. The main task to overcome this negative trend is attracting talented part of the intelligentsia non-agricultural profile in agriculture, creation opportunities for realization creative promises personality with decent conditions material security;

-gradual reduction agricultural specialists with significant level of professional and spiritual features, capable on modernize agricultural production. This social layer, being unclaimed in the agrarian crisis years, gradually distributed in the most diverse spheres of activity [4].

Gradual solution these problems will allow the intellectual capital to become not only a necessary resource for implemented innovation and sustaining competitive advantage, but also an effective organizational and management tool for the development in agriculture and the growth competitive enterprises and sectors in agriculture.

In order to increase the competitiveness of enterprises need to invest in knowledge and innovation, resulting in the potential for economic growth, agriculture. Thus, the knowledge accumulated through investment in scientific research and development, innovation and education, is a major factor of sustainable growth and competitiveness.

Important role in in the rising effective innovative processes plays and will play the network of scientific-research and project-design organizations, and also scientific-methodological provision of the innovation activities in agriculture enterprises. So, research, together with production, be applied, and agricultural enterprises, implementing the scientific research and development results, increase the quality and competitiveness [1].

Cooperation in agricultural units with specialized research centers gives you the opportunity to create small scientific production association, which are continuously carry out research activities, transforming ideas into innovations, testing and introducing new technologies in the production of high-tech products.

Thus, successful implementation in the innovation leads to the formation new high-tech products and new high technologies. Appearance new hi-tech product and introduction new technological processes in manufacture leads to increase a production efficiency in agriculture.

In general, in agriculture the increasing efficiency is characterized by decrease in resource consumption, rise energy efficiency, increase productivity and lower production costs. New and improved products that appeared on the market, create new market niches or conquest the more significant share of the existing market data products, which leads to the creation stable competitive advantages in specific agricultural enterprises over the competition, which in turn is key to the growth of competitiveness.

Thus, at the present stage development in agriculture is the using intellectual capital for the conduct innovation are the competitiveness factor in agriculture, which allows the enterprises to ensure their survival and development in severe competition conditions due to the purchase of unique competitive advantages.

The list of the used literature:

1. А. С. Муртазин. Интеллектуальный капитал как фактор повышения конкурентоспособности малого инновационного бизнеса в современной экономике// Известия Пензенского государственного педагогического университета имени В. Г. Белинского, - Россия, Пензенская область, Пенза - Общественные Науки, - № 24 2011, - с.360-365

2. Европейская экономическая комиссия Организации Объединенных Наций. Обзор инновационного развития Казахстана// Организация Объединенных Наций, - Нью-Йорк и Женева, - 2012, - 206 с.

3. Доклад Всемирного банка. «Расширяя горизонты инноваций: переосмысление роли государства в развивающихся странах Региона Европы и Центральной Азии», - 2011 г.

4. Интернет источник – официальный сайт Агентства Статистики РК: stat.gov.kz