Abdullina R.I.

Kostanai State University. A.Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Key indicators of financial results enterprise

Very interesting considering the essence of the concept in the financial result is a need for more general indicator than the financial result that reflects the condition of the property and the dynamics of the share capital, giving a complete picture of the financial viability of the institutional unit. She calls such global financial performance indicator. From her point of view, it allows us to understand, assess, analyze and explore these phenomena and processes:

- Management of capitalization;

- The formation of any profit institutional units;

- The concept of monetary and non-monetary financial results;

- The concept of profit to ensure the welfare of institutional units;

- The general concept of economic profit;

- Management of financial results;

- Management of financial flows;

- Use of tax control.

Basis for further development of theory and practical use of the global result of the activity of institutional units over a certain period of time. Thus, the financial result is defined as an increase or decrease in value of the property at a constant capital at the beginning and end of the period.

In summary, it should be noted that the views of experts on the problem of determining the economic essence of the concept financial results varied. It is recalled that in the present conditions of Kazakhstan's transition to a market economy the problem of defining the essence of various indicators related to the financial performance of the company, is very urgent. Quite often, even in the regulations governing the accounting and taxation, are different interpretations of the same concept. For example, you often encounter the opinion that the net income and earnings, retained by the Company, are one and the same. But it is not so. Try to give a definition of various parameters characterizing financial performance.

Most important economic category that characterizes the financial results of companies - profit. Profit is the difference between income and costs of production. In microeconomics, the following types of income: gross (total), the average and marginal revenue.

One of the approaches in the analysis of domestic practice the profit allocated the following activity:

- Profit (income) from operations;

- Income (loss) from financial activities;

- Income from investments;

- Balance sheet profit (book profit);

- Net income;

- Profit, located in the disposal business.

A significant number of indicators characterizing financial performance, create technical difficulties for systematic consideration. Differences in the appointment of indicators difficult choices each participant commodity exchange those that are most suit his needs for information about the real state of the enterprise. In the reporting of domestic enterprises consider several other indicators

The overall objective of the analysis of the implementation cycle and generate revenue is to assess, whether objectively presented in accordance with generally accepted principles of balances that are relevant to this cycle. Depending on the activities and conditions of distinguish income from ordinary activities and other income.

In accordance with the Regulations on accounting income from ordinary activities is the proceeds from the sale of products and goods, works and services.
Generate income from sales of goods depends on the pricing procedure.

Profit shows not all the revenue, but only that part which is "emptied" from the cost of these activities. In qualitative terms, profit is the difference between total revenue and total costs of doing business.

Profit is the value indicator , expressed in monetary terms. This form of assessment of income is associated with a generalized cost-accounting practices of all related core indicators - capital invested , income earned , costs incurred and the like, as well as with the current procedures for its tax regime.

Distinguish between accounting and tax profit value.

Accounting profit (loss ) is considered income (loss) before tax. It consists of income ( loss) , other income (expense).

Taxable income (loss) includes the accounting profit (loss), as well as deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities .

Maintain separate accounting of revenue and expenditure by sector of activity promotes economic calculation , improves the accuracy and reliability of calculations and enhances the analytical capabilities of accounting.

By activity:

profit from- operations;

profit from- investing activities ;

profit from- financial activities.

Profit from operations is the result of the main activities of the enterprise and is defined as the difference between the proceeds from the sale of finished products at wholesale - selling prices and its full cost.

Income from investments is recognized as part of operating profit ( income from participations in joint ventures , income from the ownership of securities and deposits ) and partly - in the form of profits from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash and products.

Profit from financing activity - is the result of cash flows that are associated with the enterprise software external funding sources (extra of the share capital, issue of shares, debentures or other debt securities, loan involvement in its various forms, as well as maintenance of capital raised by the payment dividends and interest and repayment of principal.