Historical sciences.

Ismailzade S. J.

Ganja State University, Azerbaijan

Early history of Kipchaks

The second half of the first millennium AD, speaking different languages , two sources close to the eastern part of the Eurasian steppes pages known to have occurred in the history of ethno-political tribal organization and the Kipchak - kımak - Central Asia, South Siberia, on the territory of modern-day Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe in the rural part of the processes that occur in a variety of ethnic relations formed. He can not be considered without taking into account the relationship. It appears that, if expressed in terms of sources and kıpchaq kımak tribal name present in two different bodies, then they are two totally different people, and reflects the fact that lucky in this respect, the history of science has brought Kipchak. First, the level of knowledge of the history of the Turkic Kipchak and kımak is accepted as an axiom. Secondly, it is well known that, starting from the first moment Polovtsian study so far available in such a traditional view that the same people and if kımaks and kipchaqs exists, then it is purely chronological order, in the sense that the first kımaklar, then got kipchaqs.

N.A.Aristov wrote : kımaklar komanlar if not, then in any case, they must ally generation of Kipchak [1, 88]. According to Bartol, kımaks historical significance lies in the fact that their environment was a large number of people of Kipchak [1, 340] . L. Potapov considered that the western branch of kipchaqs are kimaks.

One of the main arguments that the authors come to the conclusion that most of the X century by an anonymous author in the Persian-speaking " Hudud al-alam" work kımakların countries, " al - Xifcak Andar " under the name of the note on the existence of a specific region of the SM idiLakin Axinjanov writes about it : in the region live in the same part of the Kipchak and kımaks the fact that , in our view , not only the existence of the interaction between them, indicate the specific political. In most of these cases, the nomadic peoples need to recall some characteristics of widespread ethnic adlandırmanın One of the features is that the people who are from different generations, and the group is called with the name of the dominant tribe or a generation, and the most powerful nation during a specified period of ethnic names subordinate to its name It is a kind of forget . Of course , we can not claim that the basis of the above, the issue of the legality of the interconnection terms kımak and Kipchak itself should be considered for this feature. Far the most complete and reliable information about Kımaklar kifaəyt author of the eleventh century Persian Qardizinin " Zayn al -Akhbar " as the basis of genealogical origin of the dragon work, the subject of women and the river. Qardizi writes: Kımakların origin of Tatars died and two put his son after him : sahlıga was the eldest son , youngest son of jealousy began to grow : Glad you had a small son . He lives with great qardasıın conspiracy, but failed to do so : for he was frightened , he took upon himself the slave - ran a great river , a place where a lot of trees and hunting, and pitched a tent today and the slave is on the hunt for a place where peopl , fed up with hunting meat and sable , squirrel skins with them after their clothing seven relatives came Tatars: Bookmarks, lightning, Tatar Bayander , Kıpcak , and Aclad Lanikaz . These people are caring for the flock of their respective owners areas where grazing herds. Sad that they came up the hill in search of . They are slaves who came out of the South, he said, Irtysh , stop that . Got its name from the river Irtysh . He is universally recognized Knizia qurdularSad stopped and returned to the tent and brought them to the guest -houses with a large hunting there till the winter ... and colorful land when they are sent to the camp of the Tatars , he will bring you news about tribal . sent people over there and saw that the entire area was empty and devoid of people and decimated the enemy has robbed the people , the remnant of those who came to the mountains, the people , the situation and the location of their friends on Sad demissdi : all of them Irtysh yollandılarOra Sadia as they greeted their leader came and began to respect him . Hearing this, people gathered basladılar700 other people to come here . Sad they qaldəlar service for a long time , and then they multiplied and spread to the mountains and the listed when seven people in seven people in the name of the evil spirit it , and hospitable becoming Irtısın coast with his people once stood. Such a voice heard : Glad you have seen me in the water, floating on the water Longer Glad you did not see anything else , he tied his horse, went into the water and grabbed her hair , it became clear that it was his wife, Babe. He asked his wife : how can you yıxıldın, he replied: Crocodile (dragon) the river bank of the river shows respect for me , and they worshiped him : Tea kımaks god. Own personal observations of the author as of the eleventh century AD Mahmud Qasqari the beginning of the second millennium of the political situation and the economy of Kazakhstan steppes , though he does not say anything like that about kımaklar . The oldest monuments of Turkish and Chinese sources are also silent on the run . Mahmoud Qasqariyə Irtısın on the right bank of Qardizinin " Hudud al - alam " the unknown author 's own tribe was known by the name of Kay kımaklarını placed just anywhere . It is about them , even in the era of Qaraxanilər unknown poet brings his poem . Mahmoud Qasqari placed in close proximity of the two parties Tatars , in other words , we are faced with a list of those tribes encountered Qardizinin list . The only difference is that the blood besides kımaklar instead qasqari Mahmoud said. Another author who wrote in the eleventh century Al - Biruni Irtysh basin region nation kımaklarla Kumaka, East Berbice places that match . Apparently , certain sources kımaklar names her book "snake people" ( kan -Mongolian version) was known to KMI . Kımaklar a large part of their history of Turkic peoples , primarily ethnic in kipchaqs and is without food , and according to sources , involved almost entirely with the blood of Mongol -speaking people should have the option to add the equivalent of the Turkic speaking this name as they had to be known among the nations . However, in the medieval period in the history of the Kazakh ethnic group is the expression of a specific part of the lexicon cilan not been found yet , but just as before, with the name Ellen ethnic Bashkir qıpcaqs now referred to as a part of.

At the beginning of the second millennium kipchaks such words as part of the ethnic discourse of ethno-political kımak - Kipchak term of life of uranium processed . Issue, Kipchak Khan is a source of information about the Alpine- Black Uranus and his compatriots are uranlys. His son and wife Kiran Tekesin Xorezmsah Xorezmsah more on Muhammad's mother, wife 's father was known as terken . He Rashid ed- Dine , the tribe was uranium . The twelfth century Arab-Turkish dictionary - dictionary of literature known as Xoutana and Kipchak , Oguz KARLUK and Uighur languages and to some extent on the basis of the word found in the dictionary of uranium, war , and here he is, the snake is translated as the word. Kımak on the eve of the first and second century AD, the territory of Kazakhstan to the west of the province of residence of Kipchak tribes and their transition toward the crowd quite complex deployments, we inevitably kay uranium and which is the basis of geographical names in their overlap, we should pay attention to . For example , played an important role in the ethnogenesis Baskiriyada basqırdların kımak - Kipchak tribes of nomadic Mongol invasions of the previous period, there is a region hidronimlər named Uranus. For example, two streams Sakmaranın called Great and Kicik Uran, near the Ural city of Miass behind the two lakes in the eighteenth century, and Uranqıc called Uranqa. The rapid development of the nomadic cattle breeding, cattle pastures new was required, and that an increase in the variety of tribes who have been separated in the first place, and it stimulated the incorporation of bi-alliance directed against Oguz. At the beginning of the twelfth century, the nomadic tribes of the rapid migration from the countryside after the events of the political situation began to stabilize in the middle of the eleventh century. Steppes of the Black Sea to the east and a large rural area of Irtysh gradually becomes the property of Kipchak Khans - poloves . Just because they are at the end of the eleventh century Yangikent , Cend and secret valley occupied with other cities . M. Gashgari map of the Aral Sea region , on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea has been celebrated as a place inhabited by Kipchaks Saks in the lower reaches of the Volga Kipchak in the twelfth century, and the dishes were subjected to constant attacks It is no coincidence that the biographer to describe the religion of Muhammad Cuzcani Kutb unit, noted that the limits assigned to it by the government was necessary to protect the pagan Bulgarian and Kipchak. He defended their land and set Kipchak people thought about the counter-attack operations.

References

1.Ахинжанов С.М. Кыпчаки в истории средневекового Казахстана, Алма-Ата,1989

2.Бартольд В.В. история культурной жизни Туркестана, Сог.том II М.1963, 860 c.

3.Потапов А. П.Этнический состав и происхождение алтайцев. Л.1969.

4.Кумеков Б.Е. Арабские и персидские источники по истории кыпчаков VIII-XIV в в. Алма-Ата,1987.

5. Кумеков Б.Е. Государство кимаков IX-XI в в. По арабским источникам. Алма-Ата, 1972

6.Будагов Л.З. Сравнительный словарь турецко-татарских наречий СПБ, 1869

7.Гусейнов Р. Сирийские источники об Азербайджане. Баку.1960

8.Меликишвили Г.А. К истории древней Грузии. Тб.1960.

9.Федеров Я.А., Федеров Г.С. Ранние тюрки на Северном Кавказе, М. 1987, 296 c.