Makhambet Utemisov is a Legenda akyn.

Кульбаева М.М., А.Байтұрсынов атындағы Қостанай мемлекеттік университетінің аға оқытушысы , филология магистрі

Makhambet Utemisov is a Legenda akyn, story – teller. Keeper of ancient behests Makhamber Utemisov was a wise man, an idol of poor people. He described nafure, life and traditions of simple people poetically. He wrote about 200 works. They are translated into many languages. Makhambet Utemisov left memory of himself in the hearts of people with his songs and poems. Mukhambet Utemisov was born in 1804 in the place called Bukey’s Horde (nowadays Urdinsk, Ural region). First knowledge Makhambet received in mosque based school (madrassas). After that he went on to study in Orenburg, where by the order of Zhangir Khan he will go as a mentor to Jangir Khan’s son Zulkarnay, that time Makhambet will be well-known poet already. He also owned Russian language and literacy. Was also devout man, and very close with Islam. He was the tutor of the Khan's successor for about five years, and then conflict between Khan and Makhambet Zhangir arose. In the autumn of 1829 Makhambet actively participated in the uprising broke out in the wilderness , but was imprisoned in the fortress Kalmykovsk , where he spent two years. He was able to run only in 1831. Leaded led rebel troops with Issatay Taimanov, waging a struggle with government and Russian troops of Zhangir Khan. After the defeat of the rebels in the Battle of the river Akbulak during which Issatay Taimanov was killed, fled to the south, where he was hiding for some years. He died in October 20, 1846 in the place now calls Atyrau region - he was killed by hired assassins. One of the prominent representatives of the Kazakh poetry of the first half of the XIX century is Makhambet Utemisov’s friend and colleague Issatai Taimanov - leader of the peasant revolt feudal Kazakhs during 1836-1837 period.Utemis has sons and was rich man, influential, close to the khan environment, but only Makhambet stood out among his peers with lively intelligence, curiosity, and a sharp tongue. Contemporaries noted that he thoroughly knew the Koran, he was also familiar with official language and correspondence, and this knowledge he probably got in madrassas. In 1836 in Bukey’s Horde rebellion broke directed against tyranny of Khan Zhangir levied on people with new and new taxes, levies, duties. The leaders of the uprising were Issatay Taimanov and Makhambet. July 12, 1838 at River Kiyl rebels have taken the fight against overwhelming odds. In this unequal battle Issatay was killed, and it led rebels to retreat. Makhambet managed to escape from his pursuers, but gathering of scattered across the steppe rebels failed. Poet fled to Khiva, and, on returning home, March 17, 1841, was arrested after being denounced by a traitor and sent to Orenburg. The military court following decision: " The defendant Utemisov, in respect of a good location to the government exerted during identities and Zauralsk’s horde, avoids punishment, to transmit to the line of approach with denial thereof, if dare to violate this prohibitio , or go to the inner side then subjected to the strictest punishment. " within a few years Makhambet was hiding in remote mountain villages in the Urals . But here also enemies haven’t left him alone. Sultan Baimukhametov ( Baimagambetov ) seized power after the death of Khan Zhangir first tried to tame Makhambet make him his court poet, cunning and flattery to get to serve yourself, because if his side is loved by the people bard, it will make him more powerful. Makhambet didn’t make a deal with the Sultan and folded him a song that stated publicly on the moral victory of the poet - warrior and his associates over the oppressors of the people . " Word said to Sultan Baimagambetov " - evidence that rejects the poet of the ruling regime, the sign of his disagreement with policies aimed at further strengthening of social inequality in the Kazakh steppe, and the desire to continue the fight as in arms, and with the help of his poetic talent. Angered Sultan sent his people inside Makhambet’s village .In the history of the Kazakh people Makhambet occupies a special place. Brash hero, fiery chronicler, he echoed his fiery poetry which demonstrates spirit of the age. His name became a symbol of undying love for freedom and the struggle of the people who went through a lot of turmoil and disasters, and at all times knew how to appreciate heroes. Courage, determination, amazing gift of persuasion, unshakable self-righteousness - these unchanging qualities of wise predecessors preserved in the works of Makhambet who was wonderful speaker, inspiring fighter for the people's happiness, one of the folk customs of the Kazakh leaders. Makhambet composed songs to celebrate the most important events in the life of the Kazakh people, so central to his work is the image of the rebel movements during 1836-1837 years. By song Makhambet clearly emerges the whole course of the struggle - from the preparation of the uprising and its most tense moments before the recession. Therefore literary heritage of the poet consists mainly of poems reflecting the life of the fighters for social justice, their inner world is full of drama, and one of the main themes of his poetry is the theme of the people.Love for the people in the work of Makhambet combined with hatred for the oppressors. Angry poetry, songs, showing the feudal tyranny and violence. Poet called Khan Zhangir sworn enemy of the people , " insidious wolf ", " poisonous snake ", " wild beast ", reproached him for his cruelty , misery and suffering for the "sons of ordinary Kazakhs ." Makhambet considered representatives of khan’s family eternal mortal enemies of the working people, which must be fought with weapons in hands. This is reflected in his poetry, that’s why it acquired civil and political orientation, promotional nature. Neither persecution by those in power or imprisonment hadn’t broken Makhambet: he continued to denounce his bold songs that unmasks Khan and his fellow sultans, urged the people not to suffer more humiliation and oppression, buck up and speak to the struggle for human dignity and freedom. The sharpest weapon for khans and sultans were his songs that sounded this passionate call. Makhambet sang:

What is the use of the people of golden thrones, What good can people receive from dashing Khans If for the infirm and poor No justice, truth from them?

Issatay features are high morality, generosity, courage, willingness to die in the struggle for the happiness of his suffering people. Makhambet admires courage and fortitude Issatay:

How were you tough, powerful and strong, in a ruthless struggle pushy and proud! My eagle, free your voice thundered, you were fearless, tenacious and courageous.

In many of Makhambet created poems after the uprising, sound motifs of loneliness caused by the loss of friends and colleagues, forced to hide from the authorities. But the poet - exile remained faithful to the ideals of the old and wanted to continue fighting for the people's happiness: Asking fate for: new contractions, hot fight! courageously declared Makhambet, and in these words tireless fighter felt his deep belief that " revive days of struggle, and that they run victory." This belief Makhambet filled their last song, and they are also perceived by his enemies as a sharp weapon, threatening their way to happiness. Creating image of Issatai Taimanov (as, indeed, and other heroes, as well as enemies), was widely used by Makhambet using folk poetic tradition. In the songs of Makhambet warrior Issatay portrayed as a "winged hawk ", "Kulanov ", "koshkar", " lion ", compared with " Chinese silk ." All these are conventional art tools used in the Kazakh heroic epics to create images of warriors. Using hyperboles, that one is to inherent Kazakh epic tradition, therefore, emphasize the positive qualities of the hero, as the will, strength and courage. In addition, the tradition of folklore helped singer to express the idea of the indissoluble unity of the hero with people.

Literature

1. Makhambet. I. ie, Almaty: Nauka.2003.447str.

2. Margulan AO bearers of ancient poetic art of the Kazakh people. Almaty: Nauka.1960.

3. Magauin M.Aldaspan.Almaty: 1971.

4. Fadeev and A.Literatura zhizn.Moskva.1939.168 with