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Information technologies penetrate practically all areas of human
activity. This led to significant expansion of the scope of CAD, which began
to cover issues beyond the automation of the designing process of technical
products. A relatively new branch of the CAD system is the design of
spatial-distributed objects and systems for Example, when designing energy,
communal, industrial and other sites often have the problem of optimal
placement on a given territory. However, existing systems of automated design
is not able to solve such a spatially distributed tasks. For this purpose,
better suited geographic information system (GIS). Advanced GIS provide new
capabilities for storing, processing and analysis of coordinate-localized
information. It is obvious that the unification of the opportunities
presented in CAD and GIS, really overcome these problems
The transition from a centralized management system of the planned economy to
market forces to accept design and management decisions in the context of
rapid changes in economic factors, determining the priorities in the
development of the territory. Therefore, the design of energy, municipal,
industrial and other objects, you need to start with developing such
constructive decisions, which would maximally secured performance of their
core functions, taking into account geographical location relative to other
components of the unified regional system, which can be objects of existing
infrastructure, land register, the database of the population with a
territorial binding, the database of legal entities, etc.
In enterprises and institutions connected in any way with the design and
management of the territories accumulated considerable amount of information
about these territories. So he was not lying dead weight, and could be used
to make informed design and management decisions necessary methodology, which
would enable to unite all the collected data in a unified territorial space
to allow for multiobjective, high-efficiency analysis by GIS. But the
information in the database, as a rule, does not contain reference. However,
many databases are in the attribute structure of the information, has the
sense of generalized addresses.
To make better design and management decisions is of particular importance
for quantitative spatial patterns, based on the current attribute data, and
not on the basis of the expert or statistical estimates. To some extent, the
building of the system of expert estimations is to attempt a translation of
qualitative judgments in quantitative plane. In a traditional CAD, as a rule,
there are no methods and tools obtained expert estimates, reflecting
knowledge of some people, to confirm or deny.
On this basis, the goal is to develop specialized methods and software tools
to improve the quality of managerial, and proektnyj solutions based spatial
analysis and modelling of distribution of energy sources, energy consumers
and other infrastructure areas, based on information about individual
citizens, buildings, land plots, industrial companies, engineering
communications.
For achievement of the set goal, the work is focused on the following
theoretical and practical tasks: • analysis of existing approaches and
challenges in the field of modeling of regional systems, as well as analysis
of data sources on territories; • formalization of the apparatus of the
spatial reference objects on the basis of address;• development of models for
presentation of data to address geocoding and implementation of tools for
creating and maintaining databases, suitable for geocoding; • development of
methods and software for geocoding databases with the use of digital
topographic maps and plans of settlements; • the development of methods and
software tools for analysis of regional systems based on models that result
geocoding databases.
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