Tegza I. M.
A.Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kazakhstan
Effect of linseed cake in the feeding of lactating
cows
Recently, the quality of
feed has improved and increased their level of energy and protein. Lack of
protein and energy in diets negatively affects the degree of development of
young that leads to disruption of metabolism and reduces the productivity of
the animals.
Efficiency of dairy cattle, largely
depends on the level of increase in productivity of cows and on the health of
livestock, which is impossible without improving forage, fodder quality, based
on the cultivation and use of high-protein crops.
Application of linseed
cake in dairy cattle breeding, allows to increase milk yield and fat content of
milk, especially during the first 3 months of lactation.
Currently deficit
protein feeds in Kazakhstan is more than 25%, and feed of animal origin - more
than 40%. It is therefore necessary to seek additional sources of protein in
the form of new feed products, the application of which would increase the
nutritional value and productivity actions feed rations.
Balancing feed rations
for inclusion in their composition of linseed oil cake had a positive effect on
digestion and metabolism in the body of animals, which contributed to higher milk
production by 24% and improve the reproductive functions of cows: insemination
index decreased by 20%, service period decreased by 19 days.
Application in the
lactating cows fed linseed cake to reduce the level of consumption of expensive
concentrate feed in the diet by 23% and increase the efficiency of the basic
diet.
To achieve these objectives LLP
"im.Maylina" were formed three groups of animals to 12 animals each,
on cows black-motley breed, live weight of 450 - 500 kg, with productivity in
the previous lactation 4500 -5500 kg of milk.
In the scientific and
economic experience of the basic diet was similar in all three groups consisted
of hay and perennial grasses, corn silage, haylage forb. Animals in the control
group was fed 4 kg of feed. Animals the first experimental group in addition to
the basic diet fed 1.5 kg of linseed cake. In the second experimental group, in
addition to the basic diet were fed 2.5 kg of linseed cake.
To evaluate the effect
of feeding an experienced dairy efficiency of cows milked every ten days to
carry out control and responsive to the average daily milk yield of cows in
milk content of fat mass fraction . For comparative analysis took into account
the milk production of the cows received for the entire period of experiment .
One of the main criteria
to evaluate the usefulness of balance and feeding , as well as productive
action of linseed cake in dairy cattle milk production is . In studies on milk
production was judged by gross udoyu milk natural and basic 3.5 percent fat
content , fat content and the mass fraction of its gross output.
Table 1 - The milk yield of cows in
production verification (M ± m; P <0,05)
Index
|
Group |
||
|
control |
experemental |
||
|
I |
II |
||
|
Yield of
natural milk, kg |
4698+ 78 |
4953 + 84 |
5677 + 92 |
|
Fat content in milk,% |
3,88 + 0,12 |
4,02 + 0,10 |
4,10 + 0,12 |
|
Massow. protein fraction in milk,% |
3,24 + 0,06 |
3,36 + 0,07 |
3,44 + 0,08 |
|
Average
daily. milk yield, kg |
15,4 + 0,8 |
16,2 + 1,6 |
18,6 + 1,2 |
|
Gross
milk base 3.5% fat, kg |
5208,1 |
5688,9 |
6650,2 |
|
Production
of milk fat kg |
182,3 |
199,1 |
232,8 |
|
Production
of milk protein, kg |
152,2 |
166,4 |
195,3 |
|
Feed
consumption per 1 kg of milk fat base: ECE |
1,08 |
0,97 |
0,88 |
Milk yield of cows in
Group II was higher by 12.8 -17.2 % , respectively, in groups I and control .
The difference between the I group and the control was 5.1 %. It should be
noted that feeding linseed cake not only contributed to an increase in milk
yield of natural milk , but its fat content and protein. The fat content in the
milk of test group cows I higher than their counterparts in the control group
of 3.5 % , while the test group II animals at 5.4 %, as compared to the animals
of the experimental group I 2.0% percent . Yield milk fat and protein content
is also higher in Group II cows compared with the control and experimental
groups I . In accordance with the level of milk production and the costs are
feed to 1 kg of milk fat base , which , as in the scientific and economic
experiment cows of the control group were higher than in the animals of
experimental group I is 0.11 , and compared to II animals 0,20 group .
In the scientific and
economic expertise to optimize vitamin- mineral nutrition of cows experimental
groups through the use of linseed oil cake provides increased milk production
compared to control 12.8 -17.2 %.
Reproductive abilities of cows were evaluated on the basis of animal health records , taking into consideration the quantitative parameters of reproductive function : the first insemination conception rate , total fertility , service period , the index of insemination , as well as during childbirth and the postpartum period. For guinea livestock regularly conducted clinical observations .
Table 2 - Indicators of reproductive
function of cows (M ± m; P <0,05)
|
Index |
Group |
||
|
Control |
Experemental |
||
|
I |
II |
||
|
Index insemination |
2,4 + 0,91 |
1,94 + 0,87 |
2,2 + 0,78 |
|
Service period, days |
102,8 + 14,2 |
96,3 + 17,9 |
92,4 + 17,5 |
|
Normal birth% |
86,7 |
89,4 |
91,6 |
|
Latency afterbirth% |
4,2 |
2,1 |
1,3 |
|
Live
weight of newborn calves, kg |
28 |
32 |
34 |
On the basis of animal
health records, conducted at the farm , identified some indicators that
characterize the reproductive function of cows , namely the duration of the
service period and the index of insemination . Inclusion in the diet of cows
linseed cake helped to reduce the duration of the service period , and enhances
the positive impact on the quality of reproductive cows. So the animals of
Group II in scientific economic experience number of normal births was 2.4%
higher than in the animals of the experimental group I , as compared with
normal birth control amount above 5.3% , faster than the placenta separates
delay afterbirth not observed . Improving the flow of the postpartum period had
a positive impact on quantitative indicators of reproductive function of
animals in Group II .
References
1. Alimzhanova LV Milk productivity and natural resistance of dairy
cattle, depending on the breed, the method contents and the level
golshtinizatcii. / / Collection mezh.konf. Almaty. 2012. S. 206 - 208
2. Minevich I., protein feed for ruminants / / Fodder, M., 2005, ¹ 5 -
P.30-31