Economic sciences/2. Agricultural economics

C.e.s. Beisenbayev ZH.T., master Nogayeva YE.A.

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan

Innovative development of cluster method in foreign countries

Native economic long-term strategy the increase of its competitiveness in traditional and new scientific intensive sectors, the quality growth of human capital in forefront high tech industry, escalate of labour productivity and innovative factors the main source of economic development. The decisions of these tasks requires the creation of new system ,connections of government, business, science, education, in the effective use of innovative development tools, the role of cluster method is significant.

It isn`t fresh start to increase the competitiveness of national economic through cluster strategy. In crisis period, if traditional diversification methods couldn`t confront it in necessary extent, use of business cluster organization model as the tool of modernization of economy. Strengthen the competitiveness and acceleration of innovation of the connections between cluster tendencies-it`s economic phenomenon which can confront the global competitiveness and correspond the requirements of national regional development.

President Barack Obama in his first speech in front of American Congress noted the importance of realization of innovative strategy for national development, mentioned the need of support for Dynamic partnership tendencies, connections between large and small companies, financial institutions, on the basis of regional rate cluster strategy which gives full dynamic to country economy [1].

Decluster strategy has been considering as an important innovative tool of region development. Vice-president of European Commission responsible for Business and Manufacturing Gunter Verxdjen said: “We need a large number of world class cluster in the European Union. They play an important role in innovative development and creating new work places in our companies. Therefore, we offer forward all forces of support the cluster policy at all levels, preserving the competitive environment within constructed agglomeration” [2].

Cluster method is the most important thing in certain regions or industries, as well as new technology, which will improve the competitiveness of administration.

Micheal Pirtermen introduced the concept of “cluster” to economic literature. He considers the cluster as groups of companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in the relevant areas that was collected by their geographical features, as well as the companies which competes in specific branch of concerned their service, also the organizations which the work with (for instance, universities, standardization agencies and trade associations) [3]. In addition, in cluster the groups of companies which adjacent to each other geographically close and the organizations that relates to them must work in certain sphere, characterized by community of services and complement of each – other.

World experience shows that over the past two decades was in the process of formation of clusters. According to experts, currently 50% of the economy of the leading countries clusterelised (picture 1)

Half of the enterprises in the United States operates within the clusters, and the output exceeded 60% of gross domestic product.More than 38% of the labor force in the EU, are attracting more than 2000 clusters [3]. Completely contained in the cluster, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish industry.Economic policy is based on the cluster Finland 2,000 years has been in the forefront of global competitiveness.Thanks to the high performance clusters, the state of the world, having only 0.5% of the forest resources, taking 10% of the world exports of wood products, and provides 25% of the paper holder. 30% of the global export market of mobile telecommunications services to 40% [4, 24p].

43% of people employed in the industry in the cluster and Italy accounted for more than 30% of national exports.Germany (chemical and mechanical engineering), France (food industry, cosmetics) cluster structures is doing a good job.

Picture 1 – Number of clusters in the leading countries

China and South-East Asia, especially in Singapore (in the field of petrochemicals), Japan (engineering), and other countries are in the process of formation of clusters.To date, over 3.5 million employees 30 firms in China and sales 200mlrd year $ 60 at the level of a specific cluster zones.

Improve competitiveness through cluster initiative is a key element of the strategy of development of many countries. 20 of the past 10 years, more than 500 cluster initiatives implemented in the country analysis shows that the high competitiveness of individual states based on the competitive strengths of the locomotive-clusters.Sweden competitiveness of the pulp and paper sector, wood processing and paper production, conveyor lines and other combinations (for example: the production of industrial and consumer packs) have been in the field of science-intensive devices. Denmark has developed innovative technologies for agribusiness and food industry.German car manufacturers and car producers have a stake in this highly developed industries producing components Germany location.The Italian branch of a combination: Refining metal-cutting tools, fashion design, leather and footwear, wood furniture. China export-oriented textile industry, sporting goods, clothing, toys, dishes and other factories to create the content of competitive clusters was 15 years old and require large amounts of investment.

90 years of the last century with the Industrial Development UNIDO Private Sector Development branch of the European governments and the European cluster development programs in cooperation with the private sector and the introduction of a network of small businesses in preparing a set of tips to help show the importance of the development of the European economy for producing clusters.

References:

1. Jonathan Sallet and Ed Paisley Innovation Clusters Create Competitive Communities. Huff Post Social News September 21, 2009.

2. Powerful dusters: Main Drivers of Europe's Competitiveness. Brussels, 17і1 October 2008 <http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/innovation/index_en.htm>

3. Портер М. Конкуренция (trans.author). М.: Изд. дом «Вильямс», 2003.

4. Oulu Region — The Direction for Expertise. Oulu: Painotalo Suomenmaa, 2003.