“Экономические науки” / 15.Государственное регулирование экономики

Doctor of Economics, professor Mukhtarova K.S.

Al-Farabi Kazakh national university

Senior teacher Myltykbayeva A.T.

Al-Farabi Kazakh national university

Competitiveness of the region in Kazakhstan: problems and solutions

Competitiveness of the region is defined in comparison with other similar objects. This characteristic belongs to estimated indicators therefore assumes along with object and subject of an assessment also existence of certain criteria [1]. Position in the market, rates of development, opportunity to pay for the received borrowed funds, consumer properties in relation to the goods price, etc. can be criteria (purposes) of an assessment. Competitiveness of the region reflects the level of effective management of its economy. The last is one of factors of regulation of economy of the region which represents a driving force of development of the certain region and regional community in general. Therefore as criterion of an assessment of competitiveness of the region it is expedient to choose rates of development of regions of Kazakhstan which have asymmetric character [2].

Dynamics of regional differentiation is various on separate indicators. At the same time, results of measurement are as follows. The general tendency during the considered period on all indicators testifies to asymmetric type of regional development [3-4]. Differentiation on some indicators is weakened in 2003-2005. At the same time, it amplifies after 2007 to what the majority of indicators testifies. The period of 2007-2008 is noted by growth of differentiation of economic space on the majority of indicators. All this specifies that the inequality of regions of Kazakhstan during the considered period in general increased. There are all bases to believe that the following tendency will remain further: regions with the lowest level of development will lag behind even more other regions. The developed tendency will conduct to further polarization of society on a territorial and property sign, increase in is mute social tension (table 1).

Table 1 – An index of regional asymmetry on a number of indicators in Kazakhstan during the period from 2003 to 2013 (%, lack of asymmetry – 0%)

Volume indicators	Years
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Gross regional product	65	63	68	77	69	62	64	64	62	63	64
Gross regional product counting on 1 persons.	77	73	76	78	70	72	72	77	72	66	65
Average monthly nominal salary of hired workers	42	39	40	39	37	38	38	38	36	33	35
Number of the registered unemployed	42	39	38	40	42	46	47	47	47	49	51
Monetary income of the population counting on 1 persons.	43	51	54	46	46	47	46	42	41	39	38
Volume of an industrial output	65	63	66	64	61	66	68	70	72	69	69
Introduction to operation of housing	74	73	82	72	73	69	80	87	79	73	64
Emissions of harmful substances in atmospheric air	183	187	183	174	170	153	130	133	135	131
Note – It is made by the authors

Generalizing the analysis, it is necessary to allocate a circle of the problems promoting growth of regional asymmetry and decrease in level of competitiveness of the region:

1) non-uniform adaptedness of regions with different structure of economy to functioning in the conditions of the market competition;

2) the branch principle of management of economy that causes stimulation only of basic areas having high extent of territorial localization; insufficiently intensive cooperation between different regions;

3) weakening of a role of the state concerning regulation of regional economic development and alignment of disproportions at rates and the directions;

4) asymmetry of influence of the state via the existing mechanisms on development of different regions.

Results of the analysis specify that synchronization of interests of the state and region in the certain territory will allow not only to lift its economy, but finally will lead to reduction of disproportions of development between regions. Thus the special importance is gained by management of region economy.

References:

1. Patrick E. Science and technology parks as instrument of support of innovative activity //Problems of the theory and practice of management. – 2009. - No. 3. – P. 59-64.

2. Tatarkin A. Industrial policy as basis of modernization of economy of Russia //Problems of the theory and practice of management. – 2008. - No. 1. – P. 228-231.

3. Malt liquor M. The competition / lane from English V.D. Shchetinin. – M, etc.: Publishing house "Williams". – 2000. – 495 p.

4. Grazhevskaya N. Ensuring competitiveness of national economy in global post-industrial measurement//Economy of Ukraine. – 2008. - No. 9. – Page 54-63.