Экономические науки/16. Макроэкономика

Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor Kakizhanova Tolkyn

Master degree Yskakova Gulnur

Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi

Unemployment and its dynamics in Kazakhstan

Labor market is one of the most important markets, defining the economic stability of any state. Any Government seeks to find effective ways of developing the labor market and reduce unemployment. It is well known that any economic policy aimed at reduced unemployment should contribute to an increase of the level of employment, or reduced the rate of dismissal. Thus, the Government changes the natural rate of unemployment in the country. The labor market in Kazakhstan is characterized by its unique features. On average, the unemployment rate in Kazakhstan is 6-7%. This level is considered acceptable and normal in the world economy. The Government of Kazakhstan on the basis of annual Missives of the President develops special programs to create more jobs. Unemployment exists in all countries. Low unemployment is considered to be 2-4% rate from 4% to 6% suffered more than 7%, indicates stagnation of the economy.

The labor market in Kazakhstan is balanced in 2014. (see Table 1)

Table 1: The dynamics of unemployment in Kazakhstan

Month	dynamics	Unemployment million. people	Unemployment, %	For the quarter (on average,%)
January	↑	4.64	5.1	5.1
February	↓	4.63	5.1
March	↓	4.63	5.1
April	↓	4.62	5.1	5,06
May	↓	4,61	5.1
June	↓	4.59	5
July	↓	4.58	5	5
August	↓	4.57	5
September	↑	4.58	5
October	↑	4.58	5	5
November	↑	4.58	5
December	↑	4.58	5

The employed population was 10.3 million. According to statistics Committr of RK, number of unemployment rate was 5.5%.

But in 2014 the unemployment rate deteriorate due to the difficult economic situation in the country, thus forcing enterprises and companies to cut back workers.

GDP is directly related to unemployment, because as soon as the GDP begins to fall, then this situation is immediately reflected on the citizens through a contracting labor market, which further leads to an increase of unemployment rate. (Figure 1).

Fig. 1.

Compared with the situation in 2014, according to the results of the Statistics Committee of unemployment rate in the country, provide following picture by details for each subject RK: (see. Figure 2)

Fig. 2.

The number of unemployed people amounted to 5525300 people, which is 1.7% less than in 2013. Also the rate of the total number of employees fell - 3348. Number of people who are not involved in the workflow alsp deacreased - 41,066.

We present the unemployment rate in other countries for comparison. (see Figure 3)

Fig. 3.

Unemployment rates in almost all European countries is much higher than the normal value and the overall state of the economy is suffering a lot more from this serious problem.

Foreign governments began to fight with unemployment by innovative approaches. For example, Sweden have started to implement the program "Journey to the work» (Job Journey) offering citizens looking for a workplace to go to other countries. The main destination focus of this trip was the Norway. Wales came up with to solving this problem even more creatively. Wellbeing Company and Training Academy organized an action that allowed free access to all unemployed tanning salon.

Unemployment is a huge problem, from which the economy gets negative consequences not only social but also major economic. The negative effects of chain will go one by one, since the fall of the material well-being level of citizens will entail lack of means to live, the demand for food will decrease. Citizens will not be able to pay taxes, which will result in the consequences of falling GDP and it is only a small part of the damage.

In conclusion we can say that there are ways to eliminate or reduce its unemployment rate to a minimum, if with minimal "losses”. If we use smart approach.

References:

1. Jeffrey D. Sachs 1. Larry Felipe B. Macroeconomics. Global approach: Trans. from English. ANE at right. The Russian Federation. - M .: Publishing House of the "Business", 1996.

2. J. Tobin. The global economy: who at the helm? // Problems of the theory and practice of management, 1999. №1. P.48.

3. Safarov PM Reducing unemployment: Current Issues and Public Policy // Creative Economy. - 2012. - № 2 (62). - C. 118-120. - http://www.creativeconomy.ru/articles/16754/

4. Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Committee on Statistics, -

http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/homeNumbersLabor?_afrLoop=758149345950976#%40%3F_afrLoop%3D758149345950976%26_adf.ctrl-state%3Dtc7g7ep9k_64