ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ/ 2.Современные технологии управления.

Kabykenova Assem

Undergraduate of 1 course of the specialty "public and local administration"

Karaganda economic university of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan

STATE POLICY IN YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTIONS

The modern economical and political situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan demands effective, vigorous and talented professionals. And, it is known that younger generation destined to become the holder of new civil aspirations and new political quality. The modern youth feels the changes in public moods and it is ready to perform political innovations, to inherit and to transform the given public relations.

The contradictions arising during this process cause wide range of youth problems. It is connected with the following factors: firstly, the youth is the most mobile part of society where the improvement of professional knowledge and abilities take places at a quick pace. Secondly, today the younger generation of all countries of the world belongs to vulnerable social groups. Economic instability especially influences over the situation among young people: not all representatives of youth can find their own place in market system. It is observed that the social status of largest part of youth decreases and the commercialization in education system leads to the decreasing of possibilities of access to education; this situation creates favorable conditions for crime and deviant behavior, unemployment and a social inequality. In the Republic of Kazakhstan the unemployment rate among youth in the last two years decreased by 1,3% and the results of 2014 year made 6,9%. These data are rather good and they can be compared with the results of some European cities where the level of youth unemployment reaches 50% today. [1]

Today the youth is presented by the social and demographic group allocated on the basis of set of age characteristics, features of a social status and certain social and psychological qualities. It is well known that the future of the country depends on application of abilities and knowledge of youth. The youth is peculiar bridge between the present of the state and its future and this owes to the reproductive (biological and social) functions of the youth that is a because of its.

The special attention to youth problems was paid in 1965 when "The declaration on distribution among youth of ideals of the peace, mutual respect and mutual understanding between the people" were adopted by the General Assembly. And in 1985 which was declared the international year of youth. “The guidelines for further planning and implementation of the appropriate subsequent measures concerning youth: participation, development, peace" was approved in the same year. And the Lisbon declaration on youth policy and youth programs was approved on January 20, 2000. [2]

In many developed countries of the world (Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, France, Italy) the effective state youth policy directed on involvement of public organizations and active participation of the supreme bodies in the solution of problems of various categories of youth is realized.

The youth problems couldn’t be solved without the active state participation so the state youth policy is question of present interest in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Much prominence is given to the new concept of development of youth policy till 2020 approved by the Government of the country and one of its top-priority tasks is the decreasing of unemployment rate.

There are a large number of youth problems at the present stage of development of humanity and the society constantly looks for their solutions.

Firstly there is an acute staffing shortfall, especially, young specialists, and roots of this problem are closely connected with commercialization of an education system. So, according to data of the Kazakhstan state agency of statistics, for the last 20 years the population of the country grew by 10 percent, thus the growth of economically active working-age population is equal to 1,8 %. Thus, the situation practically didn’t change from 1991 year when we had only 8 million of working population in our country. [3].

The solution of this problem lies in the German system of dual professional technical formation, with which approximately half of educational course young people should been trained in theory, and the second part of their professional training should be carried out on the future work place. After choosing the “dual” system, student continues to attend educational institution two times a week, and three days he works in the study rooms or directly in the production facility. Such training system includes three or four years. The successful educated people qualified on solicited specialty will be the guarantee of social stability.

In the second place, the weak development of leisure and the illiteracy of young people draws to the potential vulnerability of youth medium, in view of the absence of enduring value among the young people, and this ideological vacuum leads to the development of destructive sects. Thus, for instance, at the extended session of anti-terrorist center with the participation of the representatives of government, it was noted, that almost 80 % of young people recruited by the extremists in Kazakhstan proved to be unemployed. [4]

There is a sharp need for the encouragement of the civil activity of young generation, state must not only implicate young people and youth organizations into the realization of all possible state programmes, but also the state must increase the material-financial support given to youth.

As the recommendation I propose to guarantee the young people of country, especially the representatives of poor families with possibility to go in for sports through the special “sport coupons” delivering that should be used as a payment for sport clubs; this approach will make it possible to decrease the amount of meaningless pastime and to increase the level of sport culture in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The republic and regional events such as youth congresses, forums, meeting of leaders of students youth, patriotic actions, competitions, games and debates should be considered as the generally accepted tradition.

Thus, the participation of pupils, students, activists and youth non-governmental organizations in the republican events will become the unique leisure for young people and then it will lead to increasing of youth interest to processes proceeding in the country.

Thirdly, the signs of youth degradation are becoming clear. In these latter days companies encounter new type of specialists so called “corporate slave” or “desk jockey”. Representatives of this social group aren’t able to perform complicated intellectual tasks because they have low working capacity. They catch the simple idea that the work is not essential for them because they can find the position with high salary and then keep their hands in their pockets. For example: in the last year the competition to the position in the departments of state administration comprised 312 candidates to official place. Everyone wants to be officials, but not to work.

Fourthly, the shortage of dwelling for the young people and unsatisfactory housing conditions for the young families. Every young family at the certain point has to solve the problem of the acquisition of its own flat or house. But, unfortunately, every young family cannot be able to buy the apartment. Solution of this problem in the Republic of Kazakhstan is based on the realization of the program “Affordable housing 2020” that makes it possible to lease apartment with the subsequent ransom without the initial payment and on the decreased interest rates. [5]

Fifthly, there are many problems that are connected with employment assistance of the young people. The problems of job placement of young people in the Republic of Kazakhstan are solved within the framework of the programme “Employment -2020”, 60% of all participants that are comprised by the programme are the representatives of youth. There are three important tasks in rendering aid to young generation according to “The program of employment 2020”. The first of them is to create the effective system of instruction and assistance in job placement. The second is to create the appropriate conditions for entrepreneurial development in the villages. And the third is to increase of the level of labor resources mobility, priority of job placement in the centers of the economic activity of Kazakhstan. [6]

Comprehensive set of measures directed toward employment assistance of young people, the professional training of unemployed in accordance with the needs of the labor market, organization of social activities and employment assistance of young people in the temporary work sites is realized within the framework “Youth practice” in accordance with the strategic plan of the Ministry of Public Health and social development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. [7]

Last, but not less key problem - is the high level of teenage unemployment, which always led to the disorders. And nobody knows where and when they begin. There is a distinct connection between disorders, strikes, national turbulence and the methods of rigid economy, and this is evident that social instability depends on budgetary policy. Thus, for instance, recent agitations in Argentina in 2001 and in Greece were caused by reduction of budget outlays and by raising of the count of the unemployed the young people.

CHAOS Index is the sum of demonstrations, strikes and other agitations in the country in the year. When the amount of expenditures in the country increases, the number of negative agitations is equal to 1.4. But if reduction of expenditures reaches 1% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), then a quantity of events grows to 1,8. Tightening of austerity program leads to the increasing of the number of agitations in the country. If the reduction of expenditures reaches 5% of GDP and more, 3 or more negative events take places. For example, the number of demonstrations sharply grows, if the amount of reduction of expenditures exceeds 3% of GDP [8]

Today the austerity program leading to the increasing of the unemployment level force young people take to the streets again, and somewhere as in Greece the youth begin burn banks, stores and throw the bombs. Consequently, it is worth noting the connection between austerity program and the anarchy because the results can be extremely serious.

Nevertheless, the causes of the unemployment of young people in the different countries are different; so the method of its eradication must be chosen individually.

As the conclusion it would be desirable to note the fact that in the Republic of Kazakhstan there is the tendency of successful implementation of the state, branch and regional programmes directed toward the young people. Among them we should note the programs of youth policy, patriotic training of citizens, development of education system, development of physical culture and sport, functioning and development of languages, housebuilding, “Healthy life-style”, “Green country ” - the program of making country more eco-friendly. All these methods are aimed on the patriotic upbringing of young generation, inoculation of ideas of environmental friendliness, increasing of the educational system level and employment assistance of the young people.

“You should remember that your personal success is the success of your parents, the success of your relatives and close ones, the success of your families, the success of all your compatriots, the success of our native land”. [9]

Literature:

1. The weekly newspaper of the city of Astana of 29.11.2014

2. The declaration on distribution among youth of ideals of the world, mutual respect and mutual understanding between the people of December 7, 1965

3. stat.gov.kz

4. The chairman of KNB N. Abykayev held a meeting concerning counteraction to distribution among the population of ideology of terrorism and religious extremism. thenews.kz

5. The program of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Affordable housing - 2020"

6. The program of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Employment - 2020"

7. The concept of the state youth policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan till 2020 "Kazakhstan 2020: way to the future"

8. voprosik.net/bezrabotica-molodezhi-v-evrope/ © QUESTION