History/ 2. General History

Колдыбаева С.С.,к.и.н.,доцент

Kazakhstan, Kostanay State University named after A.Baitursynov

The historical foundations of of traditionalism and modernization in Kazakhstan.

Traditionalism and modernization are the two contradictory and organic terms in the historical process of each country .This contradiction in essence acts as the engine driving force of the historical process. This, in our opinion, is determined by the importance of these categories. In the literature there are attempts to introduce them as identical concepts. But they are in scope and content are the most concretizing terms in relation to the concepts of "traditionalism" and "modernization". In particular, the term "modernization" was originally used to refer to the processes of industrialization, urbanization, secularization, implementation developed in Western countries, industrial, agricultural, and communication technologies to the development of the "third world." At the same time were used other concepts, such as synonyms, "transformation", "industrialization", "modernizing", "innovative reforms", "transitional development" sorption of the concept of "traditional" became widely use the term "endogenous" According as actualization cultural value component of the modernization of terminological apparatus began to expand introduced new terms "orientalization", "Westernization", "adaptation" and "identity". Contradictions of traditionalism and modernization are added according to the historical features of the country. In this regard, the literature was felt that traditionalism is more typical of the eastern states, rather than upgrading. In this a lot of people see the reason conservatism, inertia of the historical process of the East, its social stagnation structure. In the same time it was felt that the Western countries are more prone to modernization, in the unanimous opinion that explains the dynamism and development of creativity in the history of the Old World . Kazahstan in modern scientific lexicon usually attributed to the Eurasian civilization; nevertheless in the above dichotomy mentally it belongs to the traditionalist societies structure. The history of Kazakhstan has experienced and is experiencing major modernization changes, which gives a special drama in the evaluation of the past and to some extent present in the fate of the country and society. To understand the extent of the impact of modernization on the Kazakh society is necessary to evaluate the features of traditionalism in Kazakh society. Historically, the timeframe of the traditionalist Society of Kazakhs, in our view, cover the period up to accession of Kazakhstan to the Russian Empire Referring known to this major historical turning Kazakhs have lived for centuries in a nomadic civilization. Unlike a hard traditionalist structures of classical Eastern nomadic society was exposed for its part regulating age-old traditions and customs, which were subjected not only to life, family relationships and the development of power, culture and economy. Inertia is extremely weak degree of modernization changes doomed society in the Kazakh steppe on backwardness, lack of innovative technologies. The first largest modernization of the Kazakh steppes experienced as a result of administrative and judicial reforms have occurred as a consequence of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia. The extent of the impact of these reforms on the traditionalist structure of the Kazakh society can be judged by their assessment Ch.Valikhanov, who noted excessive radicalism of the new judicial reform, ignoring the secular judicial institutions Kazakhs biy court. Indeed major modernization changes experienced in Kazakhstan 20-30th years of the twentieth century .Psychological drama clash of tradition and modernization in this time of great works were expressed in S.Seifullin, S.Mukanov and other writers. However, we must recognize that the socialist modernization reforms in general and the general could not break the centuries emerging collectivist mentality of Kazakhs. Moreover, the new structure - collective and state farms, state-owned enterprises have strengthened traditional Kazakh relations collectivism. The third period of modernization in Kazakhstan's history is linked to modernity. In our opinion, in the history of our country's most radical. Modern modernization associated with the introduction and development of market relations, have no parallel in the past history of modern modernization Kazakh people. Historical sense in giving Kazakhstan society dynamism, commitment to innovative technologies. Such modernization is designed to give the appearance of Kazakhstan modernized society, the rising in the ranks of the advanced countries of the world.

References:

1 Ч.Валиханов Избранные произведения в 5-ти томах. А.,1985,т.4

2 С.И Ковальская Судьбы модернизации Казахстана в англоязычной историографии. Астана.,2007